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首页> 外文学位 >Organochlorine pesticides in sediments from Long Island Sound.
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Organochlorine pesticides in sediments from Long Island Sound.

机译：长岛湾沉积物中的有机氯农药。

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摘要

Surficial sediments and sediment cores were collected at various sites in Long Island Sound (LIS) previously surveyed by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)'s National Status and Trends (NS&T) Program. Archived surficial sediments at selected sites were acquired from the NS&T Specimen Bank.;Concentrations of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in recently collected sediments and archived sediments from LIS were determined. OCPs are still widely present in current LIS surficial sediments two decades after the use of these pesticides in the U.S. was banned. Sediments in the western part of the Sound are more contaminated than in the eastern part and all the most contaminated sites are located in the west tip of the Sound, which is close to the high population density metropolitan area. OCPs concentrations in LIS surficial sediments (sediments from the western LIS sites in particular) exceeded several sediment quality guidelines.;The OCPs concentration profiles showed that OCPs were present in every depth of the sediment cores. Direct comparison of the 137Cs and chlordane profiles in the sediment core suggested that the maximum releases of chlordane to the Sound occurred close in time to the 137Cs fallout maximum (1963). Model simulations of the chlordane profiles suggest continual input at western LIS long after the 1980s.;The fact that chlordane in agricultural soils near LIS was greatly non-racemic but chlordane in LIS sediment in the past 60 years was racemic or near racemic suggested that runoff from agricultural soils constitutes, at most, a minor fraction of the recent input into LIS and house foundation soils are likely the major source of chlordane input into the Sound, at least for more recent input. It is probably also true that the chlordane input to LIS prior to the 1980s was from house foundation soils near urban areas.;Both continued input and significant sediment mixing may have led to persistent chlordane concentrations (and persistent organic pollutant concentrations in general) in LIS surficial sediments, posing long-term threats to benthic organisms. The lack of enantioselective microbial degradation of chlordane in LIS sediments makes it even more persistent in the Sound.
机译：表面沉积物和沉积物核心是在长岛湾（LIS）的多个地点收集的，此前美国国家海洋与大气管理局（NOAA）的国家现状和趋势（NS＆T）计划对此进行了调查。从NS＆T标本库中获取了选定地点的已存档表层沉积物;确定了最近收集的沉积物中和LIS的已存档沉积物中有机氯农药（OCPs）的浓度。在美国禁止使用这些农药两十年后，OCP仍广泛存在于目前的LIS表层沉积物中。桑德河西部的沉积物比东部地区受到的污染更大，所有受污染最严重的地点都位于桑德河的西端，靠近人口密集的大都市区。 LIS表层沉积物中的OCPs浓度（特别是西部LIS站点的沉积物）超过了一些沉积物质量指标。; OCPs浓度曲线表明，OCPs存在于沉积物芯的每个深度。直接比较沉积物核心中137Cs和氯丹的分布情况表明，最大的氯丹释放到声音中的时间接近137Cs沉降最大值（1963年）。氯丹分布的模型模拟表明，1980年代后很长一段时间内，西部LIS一直在持续输入;事实上，LIS附近的农业土壤中的氯丹基本上是非消旋的，但过去60年LIS沉积物中的氯丹是消旋的或接近消旋的，这表明径流从农业土壤中提取的氯丹最多仅占最近向LIS和房屋基础土壤中投入的一小部分，至少在较近期的投入中，氯丹可能是向Sound中输入氯丹的主要来源。可能也确实如此，1980年代之前LIS的氯丹输入来自城市附近的房屋基础土壤;持续的输入和大量的泥沙混合可能导致LIS中的持久氯丹浓度（以及一般而言持久的有机污染物浓度）表层沉积物，对底栖生物构成长期威胁。 LIS沉积物中缺乏对映体对氯丹的微生物降解，使其在海峡声中更加持久。

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  • 作者

    Yang, Lijia.;

  • 作者单位

    City University of New York.;

  • 授予单位 City University of New York.;
  • 学科 Chemistry Analytical.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2007
  • 页码 137 p.
  • 总页数 137
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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