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An evaluation of a point snow model and a mesoscale model for regional climate simulations.

机译：对点雪模型和中尺度模型进行区域气候模拟的评估。

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摘要

The ability of atmospheric and climate models to accurately predict snow cover and areal snow distribution is vital for climate simulations. However, due to computational efficiency, general circulation and mesoscale models employ simplified snow physics, limiting their ability to simulate the true nature of the snowpack. A one-dimensional point snow model SNTHERM and Mesoscale Model 5 (MM5) are compared to assess their utility in the evaluation of snow cover. MM5 was run over an upper Great Plains domain for six consecutive winters, producing one set of snowcover predictions from its simplified snow model. Atmospheric output from MM5 was used to drive SNTHERM at the locations of six first-order National Weather Service (NWS) stations, providing snowpack estimates from a more detailed snowpack model. Snowpack variables from each model were compared to observations at the same six weather stations. Results indicate that there is general agreement between the models on daily to monthly time scales, although their physics vary considerably. Snow physics comparisons demonstrate that NOAH LSM ground and subsurface temperatures are too cold because of the simplistic one-layer slab representation, causing snow accumulation (ablation) overestimations (underestimations). A modified version of SNTHERM was able to reasonably reproduce NOAH LSM snow accumulation and ablation rates by using average monthly NOAH LSM 0.05 cm soil temperature as a surrogate for ground temperature and NOAH LSM snow thermal conductivity. Results establish that not for a 400 kg m-3 maximum snow density cutoff, NOAH LSM snow thermal conductivities were too high, leading to a very dense, thermally conductive snowpack, further exacerbating slow ablation rates.
机译：大气和气候模型准确预测积雪和面雪分布的能力对于气候模拟至关重要。但是，由于计算效率高，常规循环和中尺度模型采用简化的雪物理学，从而限制了它们模拟积雪的真实性质的能力。比较一维点积雪模型SNTHERM和中尺度模型5（MM5），以评估它们在积雪评估中的效用。 MM5在大平原上游地区连续六个冬季运行，通过其简化的积雪模型产生了一组积雪预测。 MM5的大气输出用于驱动六个国家气象局（NWS）一阶气象站的SNTHERM，从而根据更详细的积雪模型提供积雪估算。将每个模型的积雪变量与在相同六个气象站的观测值进行比较。结果表明，尽管模型的物理性质相差很大，但在每天到每月的时间尺度上，模型之间存在普遍的共识。积雪的物理比较表明，由于简单的单层板表示，NOAH LSM的地面和地下温度太冷，导致积雪（消融）过高（低估）。 SNTHERM的修改版能够通过平均每月平均土壤温度0.05厘米的NOAH LSM雪作为地面温度和NOAH LSM雪的热导率来合理地重现NOAH LSM雪的积聚和消融率。结果表明，不是针对最大雪密度极限为400 kg m-3时，NOAH LSM的雪热导率过高，从而导致了非常致密的导热雪堆，从而进一步加剧了缓慢的消融速度。

著录项

  • 作者

    Butke, Jason Thomas.;

  • 作者单位

    University of Delaware.;

  • 授予单位 University of Delaware.;
  • 学科 Physical Geography.; Atmospheric Sciences.
  • 学位 M.S.
  • 年度 2007
  • 页码 154 p.
  • 总页数 154
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 自然地理学;
  • 关键词

  • 入库时间 2022-08-17 11:40:33

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