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首页> 外文学位 >Call types of Bigg's killer whales (Orcinus orca) in western Alaska: Using vocal dialects to assess population structure.
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Call types of Bigg's killer whales (Orcinus orca) in western Alaska: Using vocal dialects to assess population structure.

机译：阿拉斯加西部比格（Bigg）的虎鲸（Orcinus orca）的呼叫类型：使用人声方言评估人口结构。

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摘要

Apex predators are important indicators of ecosystem health, but little is known about the population structure of Bigg's killer whales ( Orcinus orca; i.e. 'transient' ecotype) in western Alaska. Currently, all Bigg's killer whales in western Alaska are ascribed to a single broad stock for management under the US Marine Mammal Protection Act. However, recent nuclear microsatellite and mitochondrial DNA analyses indicate that this stock is likely comprised of genetically distinct sub-populations. In accordance with what is known about killer whale vocal dialects in other locations, I sought to evaluate Bigg's killer whale population structure by examining the spatial distribution of group-specific call types in western Alaska. Digital audio recordings were collected from 33 encounters with Bigg's killer whales throughout the Aleutian and Pribilof Islands in the summers of 2001-2007 and 2009-2010. Recorded calls were perceptually classified into discrete types and then quantitatively described using 12 structural and time-frequency measures. Resulting call categories were objectively validated using a random forest approach. A total of 36 call types and subtypes were identified across the entire study area, and regional patterns of call type usage revealed three distinct dialects, each of which corresponding to proposed genetic delineations. I suggest that at least three acoustically and genetically distinct subpopulations are present in western Alaska, and put forth an initial catalog for this area describing the regional vocal repertoires of Bigg's killer whale call types.
机译：尖头捕食者是生态系统健康的重要指标，但对阿拉斯加西部比格的虎鲸（Orcinus orca；即“瞬态”生态型）的种群结构知之甚少。目前，根据《美国海洋哺乳动物保护法》，阿拉斯加西部所有比格（Bigg）的虎鲸都归因于单一的大型种群，需要管理。但是，最近的核微卫星和线粒体DNA分析表明，这种种群很可能由遗传上不同的亚种群组成。根据对其他地方的虎鲸声言方言的了解，我试图通过检查阿拉斯加西部特定群体呼唤类型的空间分布来评估比格的虎鲸种群结构。在2001-2007年和2009-2010年夏天，在阿留申群岛和普里比洛夫群岛与Bigg的虎鲸的33次相遇中收集了数字音频录音。记录的呼叫在感知上被分为离散类型，然后使用12种结构和时频度量进行定量描述。使用随机森林方法客观地验证了产生的呼叫类别。在整个研究区域中总共确定了36种呼叫类型和亚型，并且呼叫类型使用的区域模式揭示了三种不同的方言，每种方言都与拟议的遗传描述相对应。我建议阿拉斯加西部至少存在三个在听觉和遗传上均不同的亚群，并提出了该地区的初始目录，以描述比格的虎鲸呼叫类型的区域声乐。

著录项

  • 作者

    Sharpe, Deborah Lynn.;

  • 作者单位

    Alaska Pacific University.;

  • 授予单位 Alaska Pacific University.;
  • 学科 Zoology.;Ecology.;Acoustics.
  • 学位 M.S.E.S.
  • 年度 2016
  • 页码 102 p.
  • 总页数 102
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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