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Business as usual? Turkish industrialists, the state and democratization.

机译：照常营业？土耳其实业家，国家和民主化。

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摘要

There is a debate on the exact relationship between capitalist development and democracy. Some maintain that there is a theoretical and empirical affinity between the two, while others have demonstrated that authoritarian regimes have been as able to accommodate capitalist development. A major part of this debate revolves around the economic elite's political preferences, which in some cases is perceived as championing democracy while in others, especially in cases of late-development, as supporting the rise of authoritarianism or, in the least, benefiting from the deficiencies of limited democracy. The shifting position of this elite therefore begs the following question: Is there an instance under capitalist development that makes democracy more appealing to the business classes?In order to understand the process behind this break and the shifting political attitude of the association's members, I have conducted several expert interviews with key actors from TUSIAD and the business community. I have also included a comparison between the case of TUSIAD and the demands of associations in the similar cases of Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Mexico in order to further test the generalizability of my case study.My research and the dissertation suggest that changes in the activities of Turkish industry, characterized by economic development and a greater international integration achieved primarily through the European Union, present a new structure of opportunities and constraints for TUSIAD members. The factors that entrepreneurs perceive as being necessary for staying competitive and manage growingly complex enterprises not only make increased democracy more appealing but also create a tension between a segment of business, which is becoming increasingly formal, and a state that has traditionally depended on its informal ties with societies to strengthen its control.However, my research reveals that these economic changes are not sufficient to constitute a radical break from the state. To understand the case of TUSIAD it should be taken into account that this has been possible because of the economic elite's increasing autonomy (due partly on endogenous changes and the opportunities that internationalization offers) and relationship to the state. Turkish political tradition has enabled the state and governments to isolate themselves from business more than in other cases studied. In fact, states in my comparative cases have tended to grant greater access to business, except for various periods, and as such affected its propensity to mobilize politically. It is therefore the apparent indifference of the Turkish state towards the needs and power of industry that has affected the attitude and ideology of businesspeople, thus leading to a greater break than what the current literature would predict. In outlining this process, the current dissertation therefore contributes to academic debate by outlining the manner in which a positive relationship between the needs of business classes and democracy develops, while maintaining that whether this will lead to a radical break is determined by state tradition.To study this question, I have focused on the case of TUSIAD (Turkish Industrialists' and Businessmen's Association), a voluntary association made up of several hundred members and founded by the owners of the largest Turkish corporations, that has in 1997 published a report on democratization in Turkey which promoted major changes to the Turkish state and its institutions. The topic is of relevance to the above debate by presenting a case where individuals that were previously perceived as benefiting from the deficiencies of Turkish democracy and/or were too shy politically were promoting major changes to political life.
机译：关于资本主义发展与民主之间确切关系的争论。有些人坚持认为两者之间在理论和经验上都有亲和力，而另一些人则表明，威权政体已经能够适应资本主义的发展。这场辩论的主要内容围绕着经济精英的政治偏好，在某些情况下，政治偏好被认为是捍卫民主，而在另一些情况下，尤其是在后期发展的情况下，则被视为支持专制主义的兴起，或者至少从中受益。有限民主的不足。因此，这些精英人士的立场发生转变，引出了以下问题：资本主义发展过程中是否存在使民主对工商业更具吸引力的事例？为了理解这一突破背后的过程以及该协会成员政治态度的转变，对来自TUSIAD和企业界的主要参与者进行了几次专家访谈。我还比较了TUSIAD的案例和类似案例的阿根廷，巴西，智利和墨西哥的协会的要求，以进一步检验我的案例研究的可概括性。我的研究和论文表明，主要通过欧洲联盟实现的，以经济发展和更大程度的国际一体化为特征的土耳其工业活动为TUSIAD成员提供了新的机遇和制约结构。企业家认为保持竞争和管理日益复杂的企业所必需的因素，不仅使日益民主的民主更具吸引力，而且在正变得越来越正式的业务部门和传统上依赖非正式部门的国家之间造成了紧张关系。与社会的联系以加强其控制。但是，我的研究表明，这些经济变化不足以构成对国家的根本性破坏。要了解TUSIAD的情况，应该考虑到这是有可能的，因为经济精英的自治权在不断提高（部分是由于内在变化和国际化提供的机会）以及与国家的关系。与其他研究案例相比，土耳其的政治传统使国家和政府能够将自己与企业隔绝。实际上，在我的比较案例中，除了各个时期外，国家都倾向于允许更多的商业机会，因此影响了其政治动员的意愿。因此，正是土耳其政府对工业的需求和力量的漠不关心影响了商人的态度和意识形态，从而导致了比现有文献预期更大的突破。因此，在概述这一过程时，本论文通过概述商务阶级的需求与民主之间的积极关系发展的方式而为学术辩论做出了贡献，同时坚持认为这是否会导致根本性的断裂取决于国家传统。研究这个问题，我主要关注土耳其工业家和商人协会TUSIAD（由几百名成员组成，由最大的土耳其公司的所有者成立的自愿协会）的案例，该协会于1997年发表了一份关于民主化的报告在土耳其，此举推动了土耳其国家及其机构的重大变革。该主题与上述辩论有关，它提出了一个案例，即一个以前被视为受益于土耳其民主缺陷和/或在政治上过于害羞的人正在促进政治生活的重大变化。

著录项

  • 作者

    Yavuz, Devrim Adam.;

  • 作者单位

    McGill University (Canada).;

  • 授予单位 McGill University (Canada).;
  • 学科 Sociology General.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2006
  • 页码 315 p.
  • 总页数 315
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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