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Paleoseismology of the North Anatolian fault, Turkey: Towards a long-term record of seismic moment release in time and space.

机译:土耳其北安那托利亚断层的古地震学:建立长期记录时空的地震矩。

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摘要

Paleoseismologic trenches excavated across the North Anatolian fault in Turkey are used to characterize the spatial-temporal pattern of seismic moment release on this plate-bounding strike-slip fault. Trenches at Alayurt reveal evidence for at least four (possibly five) surface ruptures during the past 2,000 years, and one older event: (1) the historic 1943 Tosya earthquake; (2) the great 1668 earthquake; (3) a late 8th--early 13th century earthquake; (4) a 1st to 3rd century AD earthquake (historic 236 event?); (5) a possible earthquake between late 4th and early 11th centuries AD; and (6) a BC 4600--3550 event.; Trenches at Cukurcimen yield a complete record of surface ruptures for the past 2,500 years. Mutually consistent evidence constrains the timing of the five most-recent (and two older) surface ruptures: the historic 1939, 1254, and 1045 AD earthquakes; an earthquake that occurred 250--540 AD (historic 499 earthquake?); and a 770--50 BC (probably 230--50 BC) earthquake. One additional earthquake occurred 1450--800 BC, and at least one other occurred 2880--200 BC.; Trenches at Ulaslar reveal evidence for three earthquakes: the 1944 Bolu-Gerede, the great 1668, and the historic 1050 AD earthquakes.; Trenches at Yukaribercin, Gunalan, and Kocyatagi exposed the fault, but no useful paleoseimologic data were obtained.; My findings, coupled with other published results, enable construction of a space-time earthquake history for the North Anatolian fault. Striking aspects of this analysis include: (1) rarity of earthquakes along the central-eastern section of the fault, suggesting that large, infrequent events are the norm; (2) earthquake occurrence is temporally regular (∼200- to 900-year recurrence, varying by a factor of only 3 to 4) along the central-eastern section of the fau and (3) almost the entire length of the fault ruptured in short-lived activity clusters in the 17th --18th and 10th--12th centuries. The magnitude and sequence of individual ruptures has varied between clusters, however. The North Anatolian fault does not always rupture in sequences similar to the 20th century. Quasi-periodic, large, infrequent earthquakes appear to be the norm for the North Anatolian and San Andreas faults, at least in the absence of structural and stress evolution/loading-history complexities. In contrast, the parts of these faults within more tectonically complex regions exhibit more frequent, smaller-displacement, more temporally random earthquakes.; Finally, I describe my surface rupture mapping of the 17-August-1999 Mw7.4 Izmit and 12-November-1999 Mw 7.1 Duzce, Turkey earthquakes.
机译:横跨土耳其北安那托利亚断层开挖的古地震沟槽被用来表征该板块走向的走滑断层上的地震矩释放的时空格局。 Alayurt的沟槽揭示了过去2,000年来至少四次(可能五次)表面破裂的证据,以及一个较旧的事件:(1)1943年历史性的Tosya地震; (2)1668年大地震; (3)8世纪晚期至13世纪初的地震; (4)1至3世纪的AD地震(历史236事件?); (5)公元4世纪末至11世纪初之间可能发生的地震; (6)BC 4600--3550事件。在过去的2500年中,Cukurcimen的沟槽产生了完整的表面破裂记录。相互一致的证据限制了最近的五个(和两个较旧的)地表破裂的发生时间:历史性的1939年,1254年和1045年的地震;以及发生在250--540 AD的地震(历史499地震?);和770--50 BC(可能是230--50 BC)地震。另一次地震发生在1450--800 BC,至少另一起地震发生在2880--200 BC。乌拉斯拉尔(Ulaslar)的战reveal揭示了三场地震的证据:1944年的Bolu-Gerede地震,1668年的大地震和1050年历史性地震。 Yukaribercin,Gunalan和Kocyatagi的沟槽暴露了断层,但未获得有用的古生物学数据。我的发现与其他已发表的结果一起,为北安纳托利亚断层的时空地震历史构建提供了条件。该分析的引人注目的方面包括:(1)断层中东部部分地区的地震罕见,这表明大而罕见的事件是常态; (2)沿断层中东部地区发生的地震在时间上是规律的(约200至<900年的复发,变化幅度仅为3-4倍); (3)在17至18世纪和10至12至12世纪的短暂活动群中,断裂的几乎整个长度都破裂了。但是,各个破裂的破裂程度和顺序有所不同。北安那托利亚断层并不总是像20世纪那样破裂。至少在没有结构和应力演化/荷载历史复杂性的情况下,准周期性大地震很少出现在北安纳托利亚和圣安德烈亚斯断层。相反,这些断裂的部分在构造复杂的区域内表现出更频繁,位移更小,时间上更随机的地震。最后,我描述了我在1999年8月17日发生的Mz7.4伊兹密特和1999年11月12日发生的7.1 Duzce土耳其地震的表面破裂图。

著录项

  • 作者

    Hartleb, Ross D.;

  • 作者单位

    University of Southern California.;

  • 授予单位 University of Southern California.;
  • 学科 Geology.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2006
  • 页码 240 p.
  • 总页数 240
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 地质学;
  • 关键词

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