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首页> 外文学位 >Genetic correlates to weediness in feral rye (Secale cereale L.).
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Genetic correlates to weediness in feral rye (Secale cereale L.).

机译：遗传与野生黑麦（Secale graine L.）中的杂草有关。

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摘要

I examined the evolutionary processes leading to weediness in feral rye (Secale cereale). Feral rye is an annual weed of the western United States that some propose is derived directly from cereal rye (Secale cereale cereale) and others propose is hybrid-derived. I collected populations from eastern Washington, northern California, and southern California and compared them to their putative ancestors, cultivated cereal rye and mountain rye (Secale strictum), using molecular markers and phenotypic traits. Molecular data did not support hybrid origin, but suggested that feral rye was genetically heterogeneous, had little geographic structure, and had a single origin from cultivated rye. Phenotypic traits were measured in a glasshouse under vernalized and non-vernalized conditions. Feral populations flowered later and produced more vegetative tillers, thinner leaves, and smaller seeds than cultivars. Northern California and eastern Washington populations flowered later still than both southern populations and cultivars. Field reciprocal transplant experiments were established in eastern Washington, northern California, and southern California to test for local adaptation across the N-S range of feral rye and to compare performance with that of cultivars. Northern California and eastern Washington populations flowered later than southern populations and cultivars at all sites but eastern Washington. Reproductive output was greater for feral populations than for cultivars in northern California, but lowest for northern California and eastern Washington populations in southern California. Feral populations exhibited weak regional adaptation, though southern California populations performed well in all environments. These studies suggest that feral rye has evolved as a single, heterogeneous lineage from domesticated rye and that it has adapted regionally to some degree since its introduction. I have outlined three alternate hypotheses for the role of evolution in invasions: (1) genetic predisposition, (2) post-colonization evolution of a general-purpose genotype, and (3) post-colonization adaptive radiation. Feral rye may initially have followed scenario (2) by attaining traits, like seed shattering, that allowed persistence outside of cultivation, and subsequently progressed towards scenario (3), adaptive radiation. Interspecific hybridization did not facilitate the evolution of this weed, but repeated backcrossing and subsequent reproductive isolation from cultivated rye may have played a role in its success.
机译：我检查了导致黑麦杂草的进化过程。野性黑麦是美国西部的一年生杂草，一些提议直接源自谷物黑麦（Secale graine graine），而其他提议则是杂种衍生。我收集了华盛顿东部，北加利福尼亚和南加利福尼亚的种群，并使用分子标记和表型特征将其与假定的祖先，种植的谷物黑麦和山黑麦（Secale strictum）进行了比较。分子数据不支持杂种起源，但表明野生黑麦在遗传上是异质的，几乎没有地理结构，并且来自栽培黑麦。表型性状在春化和非春化条件下在温室中测量。与栽培品种相比，野生种群开花较晚，并产生了更多的营养分till，更薄的叶子和更小的种子。北加利福尼亚州和华盛顿东部种群的开花时间仍晚于南部种群和栽培品种。在华盛顿东部，加利福尼亚北部和加利福尼亚南部建立了田间互惠移植实验，以测试野生黑麦在N-S范围内的局部适应性，并将其与栽培品种进行比较。在除了华盛顿东部以外的所有地点，北加利福尼亚州和华盛顿东部种群的开花时间都晚于南部种群和品种的开花时间。与北部加利福尼亚州的品种相比，野生种群的生殖产量更高，而北部加利福尼亚州和华盛顿南部东部的华盛顿东部人群的繁殖产量最低。尽管南加州人口在所有环境中的表现都不错，但野生种群的区域适应能力较弱。这些研究表明，野生黑麦已从驯养的黑麦演变为单一的异质谱系，并且自引入以来已在一定程度上适应了区域性。我概述了进化在入侵中的作用的三个替代假设：（1）遗传易感性；（2）通用基因型在殖民化后的进化；以及（3）殖民化后的适应性辐射。野黑麦最初可能通过实现情景（2）来实现一些特性，例如种子破碎，从而允许在耕种之外持续存在，然后逐渐发展为情景（3）的适应性辐射。种间杂交没有促进这种杂草的进化，但反复回交和随后从栽培黑麦中进行生殖分离可能在其成功中发挥了作用。

著录项

  • 作者

    Burger, Jutta Christine.;

  • 作者单位

    University of California, Riverside.;

  • 授予单位 University of California, Riverside.;
  • 学科 Biology Botany.; Biology Genetics.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2006
  • 页码 208 p.
  • 总页数 208
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 植物学;遗传学;
  • 关键词

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