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首页> 外文学位 >International migration, remittances, fertility, and development: Quantitative and qualitative evidence from Central America.
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International migration, remittances, fertility, and development: Quantitative and qualitative evidence from Central America.

机译：国际移徙，汇款，生育能力和发展：来自中美洲的定量和定性证据。

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摘要

This dissertation focuses on how migration from Central America to the United States, and the subsequent return of remittances to migrant-sending households, influence four measures of community development: fertility, agriculture, consumption, and education. The investigation offers two quantitative and two qualitative chapters. Using data supplied by the Latin American Migration Project, the two quantitative chapters address fertility and agricultural land use differentials between migrant and non-migrant households for three Central American nations (Costa Rica, Guatemala and Nicaragua) using regression models. The two qualitative analyses probe consumption, fertility, land use, and education in an ethnographic study of three highland Guatemala villages.;Results from the quantitative household fertility analysis indicate that fertility is negatively associated with an increase in U.S. remittances and wife's migration duration. However, no correlation emerges between male migration and household fertility. Agricultural land use analyses suggest that Central American smallholders do not radically change their relationship with the land following prolonged sojourns abroad---they are not investing remittances to increase or intensify their farming operations. Nevertheless, households do use remittances to purchase cattle.;Ethnographic field work results show that while many households desired to control their fertility, a widespread mistrust of modern contraceptive methods---largely based on misinformation about their safety---hampers fertility control for many. However, exposure to U.S. culture appears to reduce unmet need for family planning knowledge and usage. Agricultural results are consistent with the quantitative findings: no differences are observed between migrant and non-migrant households. Rather, home building and investments in children's education are the main consumptive uses of remittances. Lastly, remittances allow children to attend school well nourished and clothed for longer periods of time. However, remittance investment in education comes with a cost: a lack of parental role models contribute to the disruption of childhood education for many children.;Taken together, these results challenge several theories that address demographic and land use change attributable to migration and remittances. Furthermore, they illuminate difficulties that policy makers must face as they attempt to harness the positive community development potential of the migration/remittance dynamic with the many indirect side-effects that this phenomenon poses.
机译：本文的重点是从中美洲移民到美国以及随后汇款返还给移徙家庭的汇款如何影响社区发展的四个指标：生育率，农业，消费和教育。调查提供了两个定量和两个定性章节。使用拉丁美洲移民项目提供的数据，这两个定量章节使用回归模型来解决三个中美洲国家（哥斯达黎加，危地马拉和尼加拉瓜）的移民和非移民家庭之间的生育率和农业土地利用差异。两项定性分析在危地马拉三个高地村庄的人种学研究中探讨了消费，生育率，土地使用和教育情况;定量家庭生育率分析的结果表明，生育率与美国侨民汇款的增加和妻子的迁徙时间负相关。但是，男性移民与家庭生育率之间没有相关性。农业土地利用分析表明，中美洲小农户不会在国外长期逗留后从根本上改变他们与土地的关系-他们没有投资汇款来增加或加强其农业活动。然而，家庭确实使用汇款来购买牛。人种学田野调查结果表明，尽管许多家庭希望控制生育能力，但人们普遍对现代避孕方法不信任-主要是基于对安全性的错误了解-妨碍了生育控制。许多。但是，接触美国文化似乎可以减少对计划生育知识和用法的未满足需求。农业结果与定量结果一致：移民家庭与非移民家庭之间没有差异。相反，房屋建设和对儿童教育的投资是汇款的主要消费用途。最后，汇款使孩子们可以长期得到良好的营养和穿着。但是，汇款在教育上的投资是有代价的：缺乏父母的榜样会破坏许多儿童的童年教育。总的来说，这些结果对解决因移民和汇款引起的人口和土地使用变化的若干理论提出了挑战。此外，它们阐明了决策者在试图利用移民/汇款动态的积极的社区发展潜力以及这种现象带来的许多间接副作用时所面临的困难。

著录项

  • 作者

    Davis, Jason.;

  • 作者单位

    University of California, Santa Barbara.;

  • 授予单位 University of California, Santa Barbara.;
  • 学科 Geography.;Economics Agricultural.;Latin American Studies.;Sociology Demography.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2010
  • 页码 184 p.
  • 总页数 184
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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