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An evaluation of the wildlife impacts of offshore wind development relative to fossil fuel power production.

机译：评估海上风能对化石燃料发电的野生生物影响。

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Off the eastern coast of the United States lies a unique and untapped natural resource that has only recently been recognized: offshore wind energy. Hailed by many as a clean, virtually limitless source of renewable energy, offshore wind energy has great potential for reducing air pollution, lessening the United States' dependence on foreign oil supply, and mitigating the impacts of global climate change. The promises of offshore wind energy, however, are not without pitfalls. Potential adverse impacts on local and migrating wildlife species are frequently cited as an important issue of concern when considering the development and siting of an offshore wind facility. These concerns are not without merit: impacts to wildlife species may occur during all phases of offshore wind development, and include habitat alteration, habitat displacement, increased levels of underwater noise and vibration, and in some cases, mortality.; This research concludes that from a quantitative perspective, Brayton Point has a larger impact on wildlife species than Cape Wind. The former includes hundreds of birds killed by oil spills, thousands of acres of land disturbed, and billions of fish, fish larvae, and fish eggs killed annually by entrainment, impingement, and thermal discharge. The effects of acid precipitation and heavy metal contamination are also known to have long-lasting impacts on wildlife species, including habitat exclusion, physical impairment, and reduced breeding potential. While offshore wind facilities are not without their own set of adverse impacts on wildlife species, these impacts must not be viewed in isolation. It is only when the wildlife impacts of offshore wind development are compared relative to those from fossil fuel power production can they be truly understood. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
机译：在美国东海岸之外，有一种直到最近才被认可的独特而尚未开发的自然资源：海上风能。海上风能被许多人誉为清洁，几乎无限的可再生能源，它在减少空气污染，减轻美国对外国石油供应的依赖以及减轻全球气候变化的影响方面具有巨大潜力。然而，海上风能的前景并非没有陷阱。在考虑海上风能设施的开发和选址时，经常提到对本地和迁徙野生动植物物种的潜在不利影响，这是一个值得关注的重要问题。这些问题并非没有道理：对野生生物物种的影响可能会在海上风力发展的各个阶段发生，包括栖息地改变，栖息地流离失所，水下噪声和振动水平的提高，以及在某些情况下的死亡率。这项研究得出的结论是，从数量的角度来看，布雷顿角对野生生物的影响要比Cape Wind大。前者包括数以百计的因漏油而死的鸟类，数以千计的土地受到干扰，以及每年有数十亿条鱼，鱼幼虫和鱼卵因夹带，撞击和放热而被杀死。还已知酸沉淀和重金属污染的影响对野生动植物物种具有长期影响，包括栖息地排斥，物理损害和繁殖潜力降低。虽然海上风力发电设施并非没有对野生生物物种的一系列不利影响，但不能孤立地看待这些影响。只有将海上风能对野生生物的影响与化石燃料发电的影响进行比较，才能真正理解它们。 （摘要由UMI缩短。）

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