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Time domain characterization of monolithic quantum dot passively mode-locked lasers.

机译：单片量子点无源锁模激光器的时域表征。

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摘要

Passively mode-locked lasers based on InAs/GaAs quantum dots have benefited from the unique properties pertaining to this material system, leading to the demonstration of wide mode-locking operational maps, and reconfigurable repetition rates, as well as low rms timing jitter. Applications of these passively mode-locked lasers include optical clock distribution, the generation of RF signals and high bit rate optical time division multiplexing. In addition to their utility for terrestrial applications, quantum dot mode-locked lasers have the strong potential to support applications in intra-satellite data transmission. Owing to their compact size and low power consumption properties, coupled with the potential to achieve enormous aggregate bandwidth from a single transmitter, desirable size, weight and power (SWaP) metrics can be achieved while simultaneously increasing the capacity. Supporting applications in space data transmission architectures requires a strong understanding of the evolution of the device characteristics over a broad range of operating conditions. The temperature-dependent operation of a passively mode-locked laser typically relies on the mutual interdependence of the saturable absorber and amplifying gain section in a two-section device, and therefore it is not readily apparent how these devices will perform over broad temperature excursions.;In this dissertation, a detailed study is presented on a series of quantum dot passively mode-locked lasers with variable absorber to gain-section length ratios. Inputs into an analytical model used for predicting regions of mode-locking stability for a given cavity geometry, are derived from measurements of modal gain and absorption on a multi-section single pass emitter. The effects of temperature on the operational range of pulses emitted from the quantum dot ground and excited states are experimentally examined on a set of two-section mode-locked lasers having variable absorber lengths. A comparison is drawn between the experimental observations and the analytical model predictions. It is found that the model correctly predicts the temperature of maximum operability in each of the devices studied for a variety of absorber voltages. Prediction of the regimes of excited-state operation from the quantum dots is also included and experimentally verified. The quality of pulse generation from pure ground-state operation, pure excited-state operation and a simultaneous lasing of ground and excited states is examined. For the first time, the unsaturated absorption is identified as a key parameter that strongly influences the range of biasing conditions that produce stable mode-locked pulses. This is shown to be directly responsible for improvement in mode-locking characteristics at elevated temperature; a previously observed effect that was not well understood.;Finally, while the range of pulsed operation from a semiconductor mode-locked laser can be determined using a digital sampling oscilloscope or an auto-correlator, true verification of mode-locking stability requires simultaneous measurements of the temporal and frequency domains. In this dissertation we examine device characteristics with a Frequency Resolved Optical Gating (FROG) pulse measurement system. This allows for direct measurement of pulse asymmetry and chirp. This measurement technique is used to examine the evolution of device characteristics with increasing temperature, whereby the time bandwidth product over temperature is studied. Additionally, FROG is used to examine a regime of operation where non-linear double pulsing occurs (two pulses per round trip). It is shown for the first time that the observed double pulsing is in fact a stable effect, thus mode-locked operation at twice the fundamental repetition rate can be reliably achieved by simply electrically biasing the device in the appropriate manner. This data set offers valuable insight into to design of future mode-locked laser devices for maximum optical pulse quality over a large range of temperature and biasing conditions. Furthermore, the results are promising for the development of temperature-insensitive pulsed sources for uncooled applications such as data multiplexing and optical clocking; this is particularly attractive for space applications as active cooling consumes a large portion of the power budget.
机译：基于InAs / GaAs量子点的无源锁模激光器受益于该材料系统的独特性能，从而展示了宽锁模操作图，可重配置的重复率以及低均方根定时抖动。这些无源锁模激光器的应用包括光学时钟分配，RF信号生成和高比特率光学时分多路复用。除了适用于地面应用外，量子点锁模激光器还具有强大的潜力来支持卫星内数据传输中的应用。由于它们的紧凑尺寸和低功耗特性，再加上有可能从单个发送器中获得巨大的聚合带宽，因此，既可以实现所需的尺寸，重量和功率（SWaP）指标，同时又可以增加容量。在空间数据传输架构中支持应用程序需要对广泛的工作条件下器件特性的演变有深刻的了解。被动锁模激光器的温度相关操作通常取决于两部分器件中可饱和吸收体和放大增益部分的相互依赖关系，因此，尚不清楚这些器件在宽温度范围内的性能如何。 ；本文对一系列具有可变吸收体与增益截面长度比的量子点无源锁模激光器进行了详细的研究。分析模型的输入用于预测给定腔体几何结构的锁模稳定性区域，这些输入来自多节单程发射器上模态增益和吸收的测量结果。在一组具有可变吸收体长度的两段锁模激光器上，实验研究了温度对从量子点基极发射的脉冲的工作范围和激发态的影响。实验观察与分析模型预测之间进行了比较。发现该模型正确预测了在各种吸收器电压下研究的每种设备中的最大可操作温度。还包括从量子点预测激发态操作的状态，并进行了实验验证。研究了从纯基态操作，纯激发态操作以及同时激发基态和激发态产生的脉冲的质量。首次将不饱和吸收确定为关键参数，该参数会严重影响产生稳定锁模脉冲的偏置条件的范围。事实证明，这直接导致了高温下锁模特性的改善。最后，虽然可以使用数字采样示波器或自相关器确定半导体锁模激光器的脉冲操作范围，但真正验证锁模稳定性需要同时进行测量时域和频域。在本文中，我们使用频率分辨光学选通（FROG）脉冲测量系统检查器件的特性。这样可以直接测量脉冲不对称和线性调频。该测量技术用于检查器件特性随温度升高的演变，从而研究温度范围内的时间带宽乘积。此外，FROG用于检查发生非线性双脉冲（每个往返两个脉冲）的工作状态。首次显示，观察到的双脉冲实际上是稳定的效果，因此可以通过简单地以适当的方式对设备进行电偏置来可靠地实现以两倍于基本重复率的锁模操作。该数据集为设计未来的锁模激光设备提供了宝贵的见识，可在较大的温度和偏置条件范围内实现最大的光脉冲质量。此外，该结果对于开发用于非制冷应用（例如数据多路复用和光学时钟）的温度不敏感脉冲源很有希望。这对于空间应用特别有吸引力，因为主动冷却会消耗大部分功率预算。

著录项

  • 作者

    Mee, Jesse K.;

  • 作者单位

    The University of New Mexico.;

  • 授予单位 The University of New Mexico.;
  • 学科 Engineering Electronics and Electrical.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2013
  • 页码 191 p.
  • 总页数 191
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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