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State Power for Low-Carbon Development: A Comparative Investigation into the Effectiveness of Carbon Finance Projects in Tanzania, Uganda and Moldova.

机译：低碳发展的国家力量：对坦桑尼亚，乌干达和摩尔多瓦碳融资项目有效性的比较研究。

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摘要

Empirical investigation into afforestation and bioenergy carbon finance projects in Tanzania, Uganda and Moldova demonstrates that effective projects---both in terms of sustainable development and the generation of genuine carbon credits---are more likely to result when the state is able to bring carbon finance initiatives into alignment with national development objectives. Amongst the countries investigated, the most important factor in such alignment was, paradoxically, commitment liberal economic reforms. Contrary to the expectation that the performance of projects under the Kyoto Protocol's Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) would be the same in states with similar administrative capacities, carbon finance projects were more effective in Uganda and Moldova than Tanzania. Commitment to liberal economic reforms in Uganda functions as an animating set of ideas that allows the state apparatus to work in a more purposeful manner and establish institutions and organizations which allow it to generate state power for low-carbon development.;For CDM forest and bioenergy projects, the risk of unsustainability is mitigated by a land tenure system and investment regime that (i) offer opportunities for individual smallholders to engage directly with the carbon market and create incentives for domestic investors while (ii) also accommodating historical land governance practices. Genuine carbon credits were associated with project developers who possessed a latent organizational capacity for implementation and were motivated to pursue market opportunities---state forest agencies in Uganda and Moldova. However, the ability of the state to retain latent organizational capacity was restricted to sectors such as forestry that are less sophisticated technically; in the energy sector, such capacity was ceded to the private sector in Uganda and Moldova during structural adjustment. More skeptical of liberal economic policy, Tanzania has retained capacity in the energy sector; however, for the same reasons, it has not treated the CDM as a genuine opportunity.;At current carbon prices, CDM projects investigated were effective when the state was able to play a developmental role in the economy. Whether commitment to liberal economic reforms can have similar developmental effects in other parts of the developing world is questionable---a different animating set of ideas may be important.
机译：对坦桑尼亚，乌干达和摩尔多瓦的造林和生物能源碳融资项目进行的实证研究表明，在国家有能力实现可持续发展和产生真正的碳信用额方面，更可能产生有效的项目碳融资计划与国家发展目标保持一致。在被调查的国家中，与此一致的最重要因素是自相矛盾的承诺自由经济改革。与具有类似行政管理能力的州的《京都议定书》的清洁发展机制（CDM）下的项目绩效相同的预期相反，乌干达和摩尔多瓦的碳融资项目比坦桑尼亚更有效。对乌干达自由经济改革的承诺是一套动画的想法，使国家机构能够更有目的地开展工作，并建立机构和组织，使其能够为低碳发展产生国家力量。；用于CDM森林和生物能源在项目中，土地权属制度和投资制度减轻了不可持续性的风险，该制度（i）为个体小农提供机会直接参与碳市场并为国内投资者提供激励，同时（ii）还适应历史悠久的土地治理做法。真正的碳信用额度与具有潜在实施组织能力并有动机寻求市场机会的项目开发商有关———乌干达和摩尔多瓦的国家森林机构。但是，国家保留潜在组织能力的能力仅限于林业等技术上较不成熟的部门。在能源部门，在结构调整期间，这种能力被转让给了乌干达和摩尔多瓦的私营部门。坦桑尼亚对自由经济政策持怀疑态度，坦桑尼亚保留了能源部门的能力。但是，出于同样的原因，它并没有将CDM视为真正的机会。在当前的碳价下，当国家能够在经济中发挥发展作用时，所调查的CDM项目是有效的。对自由经济改革的承诺是否会在发展中国家的其他地区产生类似的发展效果值得怀疑-不同的观点集可能很重要。

著录项

  • 作者

    Purdon, Mark.;

  • 作者单位

    University of Toronto (Canada).;

  • 授予单位 University of Toronto (Canada).;
  • 学科 Economics.;Environmental science.;Political science.;African studies.;African history.;East European studies.;European history.;Economic history.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2013
  • 页码 483 p.
  • 总页数 483
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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