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首页> 外文学位 >Genetic and physiological variation in cultivated and wild rice: Domestication, phylogeography and aluminum stress resistance.
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Genetic and physiological variation in cultivated and wild rice: Domestication, phylogeography and aluminum stress resistance.

机译：栽培稻和野生稻的遗传和生理变异：驯化，系统地理学和耐铝胁迫。

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The domestication of cultivated plant species from their wild ancestors represents one of the most important events of human history, allowing early humans access to greater food resources than were previously available. Cultivated Asian rice, Oryza sativa, represents the world's most important agricultural species and has fed more people since the time of its domestication than any other crop. Using an analysis of nuclear DNA sequences from the p-VATPase region, the phylogeography of the wild ancestor of rice, Oryza rufipogon, was examined in order to test the hypotheses of single or multiple domestication of O. sativa. Results show that the two major subspecies of cultivated rice, O. sativa indica and O. sativa japonica, as well as a third rice type, O. sativa indica var. Aus, arose from independent domestication events from different geographic regions of South and Southeast Asia.; Oryza sativa hybridizes with its wild ancestor, O. rufipogon, and these events have been hypothesized to result in the major weed of rice cultivation, weedy red rice. Hypotheses for the origins and occurrence of weedy rice in US rice cultivation were tested using a combination haplotype network and genetic distance analysis. Results suggest that US weedy rice formed via hybridization between cultivated and wild rice in Asia with subsequent transfer to the US. However, hybridization between US rice cultivars and weedy rice is ongoing as well as hybridization between weedy rice.; An important phenotypic trait that shows variation in cultivated rice is aluminum toxicity. Aluminum toxicity is a leading abiotic stress affecting crop yields worldwide. Cultivated and wild rice grow in acid-aluminum soils of Southeast Asia and are an excellent system for evaluating the phenotypes and mechanisms of aluminum resistance. Three traits associated with aluminum tolerance were examined for their roles in the aluminum tolerance response of rice. Results indicate that O. sativa japonica is inherently more tolerant that O. sativa indica, reflecting their independent domestications. Furthermore, the mechanisms responsible for aluminum tolerance are likely different in rice than those utilized in other crops.
机译：从其野生祖先驯化栽培植物物种是人类历史上最重要的事件之一，使早期人类可以获得比以前更多的粮食资源。亚洲栽培稻（稻米）是世界上最重要的农业品种，自驯化以来已经养活了比其他任何作物更多的人。使用来自p-VATPase区域的核DNA序列进行分析，检查了水稻野生祖先Oryza rufipogon的系统地理学，以检验稻的单次或多次驯化的假说。结果表明，栽培稻的两个主要亚种是稻（O. sativa indica）和稻米（O. sativa japonica），以及第三种水稻（O. sativa indica var）。澳元起因于南亚和东南亚不同地理区域的独立驯化事件。水稻与它的野生祖先O. rufipogon杂交，这些事件被认为导致水稻种植的主要杂草，杂草红米。使用单倍型网络和遗传距离分析对美国水稻种植中杂草稻起源和发生的假设进行了测试。结果表明，美国杂草稻是通过亚洲栽培稻和野生稻之间的杂交形成并随后转移到美国形成的。然而，美国水稻品种与杂草水稻之间的杂交以及杂草水稻之间的杂交仍在进行中。铝的毒性是表明栽培稻变异的重要表型特征。铝毒性是一种主要的非生物胁迫，影响着全球的农作物产量。栽培稻和野生稻生长在东南亚的酸铝土壤中，是评价铝抗性表型和机制的极好系统。研究了与铝耐性相关的三个性状在水稻铝耐性响应中的作用。结果表明，粳稻在本质上比O稻耐性强，这反映了它们的独立驯化。此外，水稻耐铝机制可能与其他农作物中的机制不同。

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