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首页> 外文学位 >Influences of riparian land-uses on habitat use and interspecific competition of stream-dwelling salamanders: Evidence from Blue Ridge & Piedmont.
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Influences of riparian land-uses on habitat use and interspecific competition of stream-dwelling salamanders: Evidence from Blue Ridge & Piedmont.

机译：河岸土地利用对河stream栖息地利用和种间竞争的影响：来自Blue Ridge和Piedmont的证据。

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摘要

Human-induced disturbances can result in persistent influences on ecosystems, including habitat loss and biogeographical changes. Global amphibian decline, a consequence of habitat degradation, is among prime conservation concerns. To better understand causes of the amphibian crisis, investigations a multiple levels of biological organization - behavior, communities, and landscapes - is imperative. I investigated the responses of stream-associated Plethdontid salamanders of the Blue Ridge and Piedmont of the Southeastern US to historical and current land uses in the riparian zone and watershed to determine, (1) change in the community structure and mechanisms driving the change and uses operating at different spatial-temporal scales; (2) competition between two sympatric species with different body sizes, natural histories, and differential sensitivity for habitat alterations (black-bellied and northern dusky salamanders) in the context of riparian land uses.;I surveyed low-order streams for salamanders, estimated 15 habitat variables and current and historical land-cover at riparian and watershed scale for each sampling site. Forested streams were more diverse than non-forested streams. Two assemblages were evident: disturbance avoiders (forest-dependent, large-bodied, disturbance-sensitive species) and disturbance tolerators (cosmopolitan, small-bodied, disturbance-resistant species); each assemblage composed of 80% and 20% of the regional species pool, respectively. Riparian zone characteristics (canopy cover, canopy height, leaf-litter cover) and stream geomorphology (bank complexity, stream substrate heterogeneity, sedimentation) were dramatically altered by land uses, rendering streams unsuitable for most salamanders. Historical land uses at both riparian- and watershed-scale influenced current populations and community structure of salamanders. Piedmont protected areas with crop-farming legacies were the most species-deprived since intensive agriculture can lead to lasting effects including soil erosion, sedimentation, increased discharge, and destabilization of stream banks. My experiment on competition revealed marked differences in microhabitat associations of focal species across riparian land uses. Black-bellied salamanders competitively dominated the use of stream channel over northern dusky salamanders in forested and agricultural streams. Northern dusky salamanders competitively displaced black-bellied salamanders from stream banks in urban streams. Riparian anthropogenic disturbances negatively affected the large-bodied habitat specialists and favored small-bodied habitat generalists.;Terrestrial anthropogenic disturbances can modify stream habitats and, result in the exclusion of disturbance-sensitive species, ultimately leading to biotic homogenization. Conservation of stream salamander community should be strengthened with protection and restoration of riparian forests and degraded stream habitats; land-use regulations at the watershed scale; establishment of connectivity among riparian forests; and introduction of Best Management Practices for farmlands and timberlands.
机译：人为干扰可能导致对生态系统的持续影响，包括栖息地丧失和生物地理变化。由于栖息地退化，全球两栖动物数量减少是主要的保护问题之一。为了更好地理解两栖动物危机的原因，必须研究生物组织的多个层次-行为，社区和景观-。我调查了美国东南部的蓝岭和皮埃蒙特与溪流相关的Plethdontid am对沿河带和流域的历史和当前土地利用的响应，以确定（1）社区结构的变化以及驱动变化和利用的机制在不同的时空尺度上运作； （2）在河岸土地利用的背景下，两种具有不同体型，自然历史和对栖息地变化的敏感性不同的同居物种之间的竞争（黑腹和北部的灰sal）;我调查了low的低阶流，估计每个采样点有15个栖息地变量以及沿河岸和分水岭规模的当前和历史土地覆被。森林溪流比非森林溪流更加多样化。显然有两种组合：避免干扰物（依赖于森林，强壮，对干扰敏感的物种）和耐干扰性（世界性，小体，抗干扰物种）；每个组合分别占区域物种库的80％和20％。河岸带的特征（冠层覆盖，冠层高度，凋落物覆盖）和河流地貌（河岸复杂性，河流基质异质性，沉积）由于土地利用而发生了巨大变化，使得河流不适合大多数sal。河岸和流域范围内的历史土地利用影响了current的当前人口和群落结构。由于集约化农业会导致持久的影响，包括水土流失，沉积，流量增加和河岸不稳定，因此，拥有农耕传统的皮埃蒙特保护区是物种最匮乏的地区。我的竞争实验表明，沿岸土地利用的重点物种的微生境关联明显不同。在森林和农业河流中，黑腹over竞争性地主导了北部阴暗sal的河道使用。北部昏暗的sal竞争性地从城市溪流的河岸中移走了黑腹sal。河岸人为干扰对大型生物栖息地专家和偏爱小型身体的野生生物造成了负面影响。陆地人为干扰会改变河流的生境，并导致对干扰敏感的物种被排除在外，最终导致生物均质化。应通过保护和恢复河岸森林和退化的河流生境来加强河流sal的社区保护；分水岭规模的土地利用规定；在河岸森林之间建立联系；并介绍了农田和林地最佳管理规范。

著录项

  • 作者

    Surasinghe, Thilina Dilan.;

  • 作者单位

    Clemson University.;

  • 授予单位 Clemson University.;
  • 学科 Ecology.;Environmental science.;Wildlife conservation.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2013
  • 页码 149 p.
  • 总页数 149
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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