• 主题
高级搜索  >
历史搜索 清空历史
首页> 外文学位 >Bioaerosol exposure assessment and the Limulus amoebocyte lysate assay.
【24h】

Bioaerosol exposure assessment and the Limulus amoebocyte lysate assay.

机译：生物气溶胶暴露评估和the变形细胞溶解物测定。

获取原文
获取原文并翻译 | 示例
页面导航
  • 摘要
  • 著录项
  • 相似文献
  • 相关主题

摘要

In June 2008, the Cedar River crested flooding more than 5,000 Cedar Rapids homes. Residents whose homes were flooded were invited to participate in this study. We characterized exposures and symptoms experienced by individuals inhabiting 73 flood-damaged homes. Exposures and questionnaire-based health assessments were compared at two levels of remediation, in-progress and completed. Homes with remediation in-progress (n=24), as compared to the completed homes (n=49), had significantly higher airborne concentrations of mold, bacteria, iPM, endotoxin and glucan. Residents of in-progress homes had a significantly higher prevalence of doctor diagnosed allergies (adjusted OR=3.08; 95%CI: 1.05-9.02) and all residents had elevated prevalence of self-reported wheeze (adjusted OR=3.77; 95%CI: 2.06-6.92) and prescription medication use for breathing problems (adjusted OR=1.38; 95%CI: 1.01-1.88) after the flood as compared to before. Proper post-flood remediation led to improved air quality and lower exposures among residents living in flooded homes.;Recognition of endotoxin as a proinflammatory ligand for pattern recognition receptors has increased the demand for endotoxin assessment in studies of environmental lung disease. Measurements using the Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) assay of air and reservoir dust samples are routinely incorporated into epidemiologic studies. However, it is unknown if endotoxin reactivity in the LAL assay varies by its physical presentation as aggregates, as membrane components of whole bacteria or as shed membrane blebs or if this parallels differences in the inflammatory potency of endotoxin in vivo. Endotoxins as 14C-labeled-lipooligosaccharide (14C-LOS) and 14C-labeled-lipopolysaccharide (14C-LPS) were produced from Neisseria meningitidis and Escherichia coli. The reactivity of the endotoxin presentations was assessed in the LAL assay and in vivo using a murine model. The LAL assay significantly underestimated the quantity of endotoxin in the whole bacteria form whereas there was no significant difference in detecting endotoxin in aggregate and bleb forms. The failure of the LAL assay to equally quantify endotoxin was not mirrored in vivo where all three presentations of endotoxin were equally inflammatory.;The inability of the LAL assay to detect the full quantity of endotoxin presented in the whole bacteria form has troubling implications for exposure assessment studies. Various extraction methods were applied to samples of known endotoxin quantity to improve the detection ability of the LAL assay. Extraction using EDTA and Tris/EDTA significantly improved the detection of endotoxin compared to the reference method of extracting in pyrogen-free water. These extraction methods also significantly increased the quantity of endotoxin measured in house and barn dust samples. A higher quantity of endotoxin measured in the LAL assay corresponded to a higher neutrophilic response in vivo. A standardized methodology for endotoxin detection that mimics the in vivo response is necessary for accurate and consistent endotoxin analysis.
机译：2008年6月，雪松河顶峰淹没了超过5,000个雪松急流城房屋。邀请住房被淹的居民参加这项研究。我们描述了居住在73个遭受洪水破坏的房屋中的人所经历的暴露和症状。在两个补救水平（进行中和完成）中比较了暴露和基于问卷的健康评估。与已完工的房屋（n = 49）相比，进行中的房屋（n = 24）的空气传播的霉菌，细菌，iPM，内毒素和葡聚糖的浓度高得多。正在进行中的房屋的居民被医生诊断为过敏的患病率明显更高（调整后的OR = 3.08； 95％CI：1.05-9.02），所有居民的自我报告的喘​​息发生率均升高（调整后的OR = 3.77； 95％CI：与洪水之前相比，在洪水后用于呼吸系统疾病（调整后的OR = 1.38； 95％CI：1.01-1.88）和处方药的使用。适当的洪水后补救措施改善了生活质量的空气质量，并降低了被洪水淹没的居民的暴露水平。内毒素作为模式识别受体的促炎配体的认识增加了对环境肺病研究中对内毒素评估的需求。空气和储集层尘埃样品使用am变形细胞溶胞产物（LAL）测定的测量通常纳入流行病学研究。然而，未知的是，LAL分析中的内毒素反应性是否会由于其物理表现形式而有所变化，如聚集体，整个细菌的膜成分或脱落的膜泡，或者是否与体内内毒素的炎性效力平行。从脑膜炎奈瑟氏球菌和大肠杆菌生产内毒素，如14C标记的脂寡糖（14C-LOS）和14C标记的脂多糖（14C-LPS）。内毒素呈递的反应性是在LAL分析中和使用鼠模型在体内进行评估的。 LAL分析显着低估了整个细菌形式的内毒素的量，而检测聚集体和气泡形式的内毒素没有显着差异。当三种形式的内毒素均具有相同的炎症性时，体内无法反映出LAL分析未能平等量化内毒素的能力; LAL分析无法检测完整细菌形式的内毒素总量，这对暴露造成了令人担忧的影响评估研究。多种提取方法应用于已知内毒素量的样品，以提高LAL分析的检测能力。与在无热原的水中进行提取的参考方法相比，使用EDTA和Tris / EDTA进行提取可以显着改善内毒素的检测。这些提取方法还显着增加了房屋和谷仓粉尘样品中测得的内毒素含量。在LAL分析中测得的内毒素含量较高，对应于体内更高的嗜中性反应。模仿体内反应的内毒素检测的标准化方法对于准确而一致的内毒素分析是必需的。

著录项

  • 作者

    Hoppe, Kimberly Ann.;

  • 作者单位

    The University of Iowa.;

  • 授予单位 The University of Iowa.;
  • 学科 Environmental Health.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2013
  • 页码 150 p.
  • 总页数 150
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

相似文献

  • 外文文献
  • 中文文献
  • 专利
获取原文

客服邮箱：kefu@zhangqiaokeyan.com

京公网安备：11010802029741号 ICP备案号：京ICP备15016152号-6 六维联合信息科技 (北京) 有限公司©版权所有

  • 客服微信

  • 服务号