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Camelina variety performance for yield, yield components and oil characteristics.

机译：茶花品种表现出的产量，产量成分和油脂特性。

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摘要

Oilseed crops have the potential to increase the stability and sustainability of American agriculture by replacing a portion of the fossil fuels consumed by this sector. There are several candidate oilseed species that have been identified as compatible with a dryland winter wheat-fallow rotation. Of these species, Camelina sativa has been previously identified as being a promising species for the High Plains region. This is due to its short growing season, drought tolerance, cold tolerance and resistance to many of the insect and pest species that cause yield reductions in other Brassica oilseed species. To evaluate the performance of this species in the Western United States, we carried out a two year variety trial in 2011 and 2012 to evaluate the performance of 15 varieties in two distinct geographical regions in the Western United States. Six of the varieties, Ligena, SSD10, SSD177, SSD87, SSD138, and Celine, were in the highest-yielding group of varieties in all of our combinations of environments, including irrigated environments. Five of the varieties have been identified as containing favorable alleles for yield and drought tolerance. These SSD varieties yielded well in our study but did not significantly outperform their parental varieties across all environments. The mean yield for the trial across all environments was 813 kg ha-1. Lower-latitude environments in Colorado and Wyoming were not as high-yielding as higher-latitude environments in Montana and Washington State. Camelina did not perform as well at low latitudes even under irrigated conditions during the two years of our study. The low yields can be attributed to above-average, high temperatures. Decreasing the average maximum temperature during the growing season resulted in increased yield and was positively correlated with an increase in the percent oil and percent of the oil profile comprised of polyunsaturated fatty acid and a decrease in the percent oil comprised of saturated fatty acids. From an agronomic perspective, the focus might be on reducing the number of warm days so that they comprise no more than 17% of the growing season.;In addition to yield, this study looked at the components of yield to see how they were affected by environmental conditions and how they contributed to yield. The number of plants per hectare had the largest effect on yield. This yield component showed significant genotype by environment (GxE) interaction. This yield component is strongly influenced by environmental conditions and not genotype. This suggests that the quickest and easiest way to increase yield is to increase the planting density of the field. In a dryland agricultural system, increased density may have a negative tradeoff in the form of increased water usage of the crop. If breeders are interested in choosing a variety for seed yield improvement, it would be beneficial to choose thousand seed weight, as this is highly heritable and related to genotype. The number of pods per plant has little relationship with the overall yields for camelina and showed significant GxE interaction.;In addition to the variety trial, we assessed the fall planting potential of 11 winter lines and three spring lines of camelina in Fort Collins, CO and Rocky Ford, CO from 2010 to 2011. We found significant differences between the dates of planting (p <0.001). The average yield of the fall seeded entries was 434 kg ha-1, which was less than the average yield of 1033 kg ha-1 for a nearby spring seeded camelina variety trial. This showed that through fall seeding of camelina, it is possible to get a stand, but the yields are lower than spring seeded camelina. Our trial included an entry of pennycress (Thlaspi arvense), another oilseed species with potential for Colorado agricultural areas. This preliminary trial in 2010 to 2011 found that under irrigation, pennycress yielded 1392 kg ha-1, which was much higher than the fall seeded camelina. In a follow up trial of the dryland potential of four lines of pennycress in Akron, CO in 2012, excessive drought conditions resulted in a failure of the plots.
机译：通过替换该部门消耗的部分化石燃料，油料作物有可能提高美国农业的稳定性和可持续性。有几种候选油料种子品种已被确定与旱地冬小麦轮作兼容。在这些物种中，山茶已经被确认为高原地区的有前途的物种。这是由于其生长季节短，耐旱，耐寒以及对许多害虫和害虫具有抗性，导致其他芸苔属油料品种的单产下降。为了评估该物种在美国西部的表现，我们在2011年和2012年进行了为期两年的品种试验，以评估美国西部两个不同地理区域中15个品种的表现。在我们的所有环境组合中（包括灌溉环境），Ligena，SSD10，SSD177，SSD87，SSD138和Celine中的六个品种均是产量最高的品种。已鉴定出其中五个品种包含有利于产量和耐旱性的等位基因。在我们的研究中，这些SSD品种的收成很好，但在所有环境下都没有明显优于其亲本品种。该试验在所有环境下的平均产量为813 kg ha-1。科罗拉多州和怀俄明州的低纬度环境不如蒙大拿州和华盛顿州的高纬度环境高。在我们研究的两年中，即使在灌溉条件下，骆驼在低纬地区的表现也不佳。低产量可归因于高于平均水平的高温。生长季节中平均最高温度的降低导致单产的增加，并且与油含量百分比和由多不饱和脂肪酸组成的油剖面百分比的增加以及由饱和脂肪酸组成的油百分比的减少呈正相关。从农艺学的角度来看，重点可能在于减少温暖天数，使温暖天数不超过生长期的17％.;除了产量之外，本研究还研究了产量的组成部分，以了解它们如何受到影响受环境条件及其对产量的贡献。每公顷植物的数量对产量影响最大。该产量构成部分显示了显着的基因型与环境（GxE）相互作用。该产量成分受环境条件的影响很大，而不受基因型的影响。这表明增加产量的最快，最简单的方法是增加田地的种植密度。在旱地农业系统中，增加的密度可能会以增加作物用水的形式产生不利的折衷。如果育种者有兴趣选择提高种子产量的品种，那么选择千粒重将是有益的，因为这具有很高的遗传力并且与基因型有关。每株豆荚的数量与山茶花的总产量关系不大，并且表现出显着的GxE交互作用。除了品种试验，我们还评估了科罗拉多州柯林斯堡的11个冬季山茶和三个春季山茶花的秋季播种潜力。从2010年到2011年。我们发现播种日期之间存在显着差异（p <0.001）。秋季播种的平均产量为434 kg ha-1，低于附近春季播种的山茶花品种试验的1033 kg ha-1的平均产量。这表明，通过秋季播种的山茶花，可以获得林分，但是产量低于春季播种的山茶花。我们的试验包括进入佩妮西（Thlaspi arvense），这是另一种可能在科罗拉多州农业地区使用的油料树种。这项于2010年至2011年的初步试验发现，在灌溉条件下，豆蔻的产量为1392 kg ha-1，大大高于秋季播种的山茶花。在2012年对科罗拉多州阿克伦（Akron）的4片Pennycress的旱地潜力进行的后续试验中，过度干旱条件导致该地块失灵。

著录项

  • 作者

    Jewett, Freeborn G.;

  • 作者单位

    Colorado State University.;

  • 授予单位 Colorado State University.;
  • 学科 Agriculture Agronomy.;Biology Botany.
  • 学位 M.S.
  • 年度 2013
  • 页码 139 p.
  • 总页数 139
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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