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Bacteria, microbial communities and engineering: Studies on the microbial ecology of selected engineered systems.

机译：细菌，微生物群落和工程：所选工程系统的微生物生态学研究。

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摘要

Environmental contaminants, such as soluble metal ions and agricultural wastes pose great risks for both human health and ecosystems. To reduce these risks, environmental engineers have developed remediation approaches that take the advantage of microbial communities and populations. Understanding these microbial resources is instrumental to manage and apply them in various engineered systems. In this dissertation, I study microbial communities and populations from three different approaches and demonstrate how basic microbial information can assist us in optimizing engineered systems.;The first part of my dissertation focuses on understanding the genomic advantages of Ralstonia pickettii strains, which allows them to adapt to high copper environments. We have previously shown that these two strains were able to sequester a large amount of copper. Hence, these two bacterial strains have a great potential in for application to industrial wastewater treatment. Understanding the genomic evolution and adaptation behind the copper binding phenomenon could unveil the industrial potential of these bacterial strains.;The second part of this dissertation focuses on understanding the role of anaerobic bacterial populations and communities in uranium immobilization. A large amount of research has been conducted on identifying the bacterial communities involved in in situ uranium immobilization. However, the extant of soil microbial diversity made it difficult to identify the most important specific populations. We employed enrichment culture methods to increase the abundance of potential important bacterial populations and to link the community functions.;Finally, I present a study on microbial communities in methane producing agricultural waste co-bioreactors. Methane production has been reported as a highly cooperative reaction between bacteria and archaea. Linking bacterial populations to specific functions would help optimize agricultural waste degradation as well as alternative energy production.;I chose these three topics to emphasize the importance of microbial populations in engineered systems. By understanding the roles of individual bacteria populations as well as their interactions with each other in a community, I hope to manage and utilize these microbial resources to improve our living environment.
机译：诸如可溶性金属离子和农业废料之类的环境污染物对人类健康和生态系统均构成巨大风险。为了减少这些风险，环境工程师开发了利用微生物群落和种群的补救方法。了解这些微生物资源有助于管理它们并将其应用到各种工程系统中。在本文中，我从三种不同的方法研究了微生物群落和种群，并展示了基本的微生物信息如何帮助我们优化工程系统。本文的第一部分着眼于了解Ralstonia pickettii菌株的基因组优势，从而使他们能够适应高铜环境。先前我们已经表明，这两个菌株能够螯合大量的铜。因此，这两种细菌菌株在工业废水处理中具有很大的潜力。了解铜结合现象背后的基因组进化和适应性可能揭示这些细菌菌株的工业潜力。本论文的第二部分着重于了解厌氧细菌种群和社区在铀固定化中的作用。已经进行了大量研究以鉴定参与原位固定化铀的细菌群落。但是，由于土壤微生物多样性的存在，很难确定最重要的特定种群。我们采用了富集培养的方法来增加潜在重要细菌种群的数量并联系社区功能。最后，我对沼气生产农业废弃物联合生物反应器中的微生物群落进行了研究。据报道，甲烷的产生是细菌和古细菌之间的高度协同反应。将细菌种群与特定功能联系起来将有助于优化农业废弃物的降解以及替代能源的生产。我选择了这三个主题来强调微生物种群在工程系统中的重要性。通过了解单个细菌种群的作用以及它们在社区中的相互作用，我希望管理和利用这些微生物资源来改善我们的生活环境。

著录项

  • 作者

    Yang, Fan.;

  • 作者单位

    Michigan State University.;

  • 授予单位 Michigan State University.;
  • 学科 Engineering Environmental.;Biology Microbiology.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2013
  • 页码 216 p.
  • 总页数 216
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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