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首页> 外文学位 >Fate and transport of polychlorinated biphenyls in the air, water, and sewers of the Delaware River Basin.
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Fate and transport of polychlorinated biphenyls in the air, water, and sewers of the Delaware River Basin.

机译：特拉华河流域的空气，水和下水道中多氯联苯的去向和运输。

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摘要

Passive air samplers were deployed at 45 sites across the Delaware River Basin to evaluate the spatial distribution of atmospheric polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). This study revealed strong spatial gradients in SigmaPCB concentrations, a significant urban fractionation effect, and a distinct congener pattern arising from the area around Swarthmore, PA. Five factors were resolved by positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis with three of them being interpreted as volatilized or weathered Aroclors. The other two factors were strongly correlated to the congener profiles observed at the Swarthmore site on a building roof and an urban site near rail yards, respectively. These findings suggest that volatilization of Aroclors from building materials and spray on rail yards could represent significant sources of ambient atmospheric PCB concentrations.;In the passive air sampling, the concentrations of a non-Aroclor congener, PCB 11, were detected with small spatial variation in the airshed of the Delaware River Basin. PCB 11 was measured from non-detect to 79 ng g-1 in consumer products containing pigments and dyes. The leaching potential of PCB 11 from these materials was confirmed by experimental tests. The inputs of PCB 11 to the Delaware River Basin were estimated between 0.025 and 42 kg y-1, while the outflows were between 8.4 and 260 kg y -1. These mass flows indicate that PCB 11 is present in pigments at levels close to or even exceeding the federal limits and/or that the degradation of these pigments releases PCB 11 into the basin.;Reductive dechlorination of PCBs was investigated in anaerobic microcosms of sewer sediments amended with Aroclor 1260 under methanogenic conditions. Spatial heterogeneity of the sediments resulted in differences in the extent of dechlorination activity. The most active microcosm showed dechlorination evidence after 35 days of incubation with significant accumulation of documented dechlorination products and molar dechlorination product ratio (MDPR). Total chlorines per biphenyl decreased by up to 10% with short or no lag time. This suggests that rapid dechlorination is at least possible to account for the dechlorination products comprising 10∼30% of the total PCBs, which were found in many of the sewer systems in the Delaware River Basin.
机译：在特拉华河盆地的45个地点部署了被动空气采样器，以评估大气中多氯联苯（PCB）的空间分布。这项研究揭示了SigmaPCB浓度的强烈空间梯度，显着的城市分馏效应以及宾夕法尼亚州Swarthmore周围地区产生的明显的同族模式。通过正矩阵分解（PMF）分析解决了五个因素，其中三个被解释为挥发的或风化的Aroclors。其他两个因素分别与在建筑物屋顶上的Swarthmore站点和靠近铁路场的城市站点中观察到的同类物分布密切相关。这些发现表明，Aroclors从建筑材料中挥发出来并喷洒在铁路货场上可能是周围大气中PCB浓度的重要来源。;在被动空气采样中，检测到非Aroclor同类物PCB 11的浓度具有很小的空间变化在特拉华河盆地的流域。在含有颜料和染料的消费品中，PCB 11的含量从未检出到79 ng g-1。通过实验测试证实了从这些材料中PCB 11的浸出潜力。向特拉华河流域的多氯联苯11的输入量估计在0.025至42 kg y-1之间，而流出量在8.4至260 kg y -1之间。这些质量流量表明，颜料中的PCB 11含量接近或什至超过联邦限值，和/或这些颜料的降解将PCB 11释放到盆地中。在下水道沉积物的厌氧性微观环境中研究了PCBs的还原脱氯。在产甲烷条件下用Aroclor 1260进行了修改。沉积物的空间异质性导致脱氯活性程度的差异。孵育35天后，最活跃的缩影显示出脱氯迹象，其中有大量的已记录的脱氯产物和摩尔脱氯产物比率（MDPR）。每个联苯中的总氯在短时间或没有滞后时间的情况下最多降低了10％。这表明快速脱氯至少有可能造成占多氯联苯总量10％至30％的脱氯产物，而在多拉河流域的许多下水道系统中都发现了这种脱氯产物。

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  • 作者

    Guo, Jia.;

  • 作者单位

    Rutgers The State University of New Jersey - New Brunswick.;

  • 授予单位 Rutgers The State University of New Jersey - New Brunswick.;
  • 学科 Environmental Sciences.;Environmental Management.;Water Resource Management.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2013
  • 页码 167 p.
  • 总页数 167
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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