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Altruism (?) in the Presence of Costly Voting: A Theoretical and Experimental Analysis.

机译：昂贵投票下的利他主义（？）：理论和实验分析。

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摘要

Many approaches have been taken in attempts to resolve the paradox of voter turnout, referring to the fact that observed voter turnout rates are far greater than rational choice theory would predict. Under rational choice theory, no one should vote even in relatively small elections because the probability of a vote being pivotal (making or breaking a tie) would be effectively zero. This paper brings together two approaches—the use of quantal response equilibrium (QRE) analysis, which introduces noise into the voting decision making process, and the possibility of ethical (altruism-motivated) voting—in an attempt to explain observed overvoting in the presence of multiple voting choices and stochastic voting costs. A series of laboratory experiments tested the predictions of the resulting model. The participants in the experiment were also given controlled opportunities for communicating with their immediate neighbors, in order to enhance the possibility of realizing the possibility of ethical voting.;The results of the experiments show that overvoting, relative to the Nash equilibrium prediction, occurred in the turnout rates for subjects who voted for the candidate who offered them a higher payment. The QRE-based model was able to explain some but not all of this overvoting. Ethical voting did occur, but gained momentum only in the presence of a vocal advocate and even then it dissipated relatively quickly. Regardless, ethical voting would not have been able to account for the overvoting given that the overvoting occurred where subjects voted in their own economic self-interest. One area that may show promise in explaining overvoting is the chat feature, in which subjects encouraged each other to vote for a given candidate and created accountability by asking for whom they had voted in previous rounds.;Additionally, I elicited subjects’ beliefs about the probability that their vote had been pivotal in the final round of the experiment (or would have been pivotal, for those who had abstained from voting). This tested the relationship between the probability of voting and the perceived probability of casting a pivotal vote, and results showed this relationship to be significant and positive.
机译：为了解决选民投票率的悖论，已经采取了许多方法，指的是观察到的选民投票率远高于理性选择理论所预测的事实。根据理性选择理论，即使在相对较小的选举中，任何人都不应投票，因为投票具有关键性（达成或打破平局）的可能性实际上为零。本文归纳了两种方法：使用量化响应均衡（QRE）分析，这会在投票决策过程中引入噪音，以及出于道德（利他主义动机）投票的可能性，以试图解释在场时观察到的过度投票多种投票选择和随机投票成本。一系列实验室实验测试了所得模型的预测。实验参与者还获得了与其直属邻居进行交流的受控机会，以增加实现道德投票的可能性。实验结果表明，相对于纳什均衡预测而言，选举产生了过度投票投票给候选人的候选人的投票率，后者为他们提供了更高的薪水。基于QRE的模型能够解释部分但不是全部的投票。确实进行了道德投票，但只有在有声音的拥护者在场的情况下，它才获得发展势头，即使这样，投票还是很快消失了。无论如何，考虑到投票发生在主体出于自己的经济利益进行投票的情况下，道德投票无法解释投票。聊天功能可以在解释投票方面显示出希望，其中一个领域是受试者相互鼓励，以投票方式投票给定候选人，并通过询问前几轮投票中的候选人来建立问责制;此外，我引起了受试者对投票的信念。他们的投票在实验的最后一轮中起关键作用的可能性（或者对于那些放弃投票的人来说，起决定作用的可能性）。这检验了投票概率与进行关键投票的感知概率之间的关系，结果表明这种关系是显着且积极的。

著录项

  • 作者

    Tulman, Sarah Ann.;

  • 作者单位

    University of Virginia.;

  • 授予单位 University of Virginia.;
  • 学科 Economics General.;Political Science General.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2013
  • 页码 254 p.
  • 总页数 254
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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