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Evaluation of nitrogen removal and fate within a bioinfiltration stormwater control measure.

机译：评估生物渗透雨水控制措施中的脱氮和命运。

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摘要

The focus of this research is the nitrogen removal achieved in a bioinfiltration stormwater control measures (SCM). SCMs are engineered systems which use environmental approaches such as biological, chemical, and physical processes to treat stormwater for water quality while also reducing stormwater volumes and peak flows from surface water. A bioinfiltration SCM on Villanova University's campus in a residential student area was constructed in 2001 as a parking lot median retrofit to treat approximately a 2.54 cm storm event (1.27 cm as media storage, 1.27 cm as ponding). This research comprehensively examined nitrogen removal, which is one of the contaminants present in stormwater runoff. Both surface and subsurface stormwater samples collected throughout the site during the past nine years were tested for the following nitrogen species: Total Nitrogen (TN), Total Kljedahl Nitrogen (TKN), Nitrite (NO2 --N), Nitrate, (NO3--N), and NOx-N (NO2--N + NO3--N). The subsurface pore water samples were collected using lysimeters at the surface of the bioinfiltration media (LYS 0), at the bottom of the 1.2 m deep infiltration media (LYS 4), and an additional 1.2 m below the infiltration media (LYS 8). In addition to samples collected within the bioinfiltration system, surrounding in situ soil water and well water samples were tested for nitrogen to compare the engineered system to natural background conditions in removing nitrogen. Stormwater samples were analyzed from inflow to outflow for concentrations and loads. Discharge for the system occurred as infiltration into in situ soil; any overflow left as outflow from a converted storm drain.;From the 364 storms analyzed for hydrology, influent stormwater volume was significantly reduced through the bioinfiltration SCM. The bioinfiltration system captured 100% of storm events less than 1.27 cm, 97% of storms from 1.27 cm – 2.54 cm, and 50% of storms greater than 2.54 cm. Ponding durations measured from the initiation of rainfall averaged 32 hours that coupled with a recession soil rate of 0.5 cm/hr created longer saturated zones within the media.;TN, TKN, and NOx-N concentrations were significantly reduced from the top of the infiltration media to the bottom of the media (34%, 47%, and 53% for TN, TKN, and NOx-N, respectively), indicating that nitrogen removal occurred within the bioinfiltration media. No seasonal trends were observed for NO2--N or NO3 --N in the ponded sample and at the bottom of the media. Deeper lysimeters in native soil at 0.9 m and 1.8 m depths had comparable concentrations for TKN but significantly higher concentrations for NOx-N. NO 3--N comparisons between LYS 8 and surrounding groundwater wells indicated that the groundwater samples were significantly higher than the water that left the bottom of the bioinfiltration SCM and infiltrated 1.2 m below the bottom of the system. Nitrogen loads were statistically significantly reduced from surface water through the bioinfiltration media. Median load reductions between what entered the bioinfiltration SCM and what overflowed were 100% for TN, TKN, NOx-N, NO2--N, and NO3--N. Mass reductions via infiltration accounted for the main pollutant removal mechanism. Treatment for TKN, NO2 --N, and NO3--N loads occurred within the bioinfiltration media; therefore, further reducing pollutant loads from the infiltrating stormwater before reaching groundwater.;This SCM effectively mitigates stormwater runoff for volume and nitrogen removal. Overall, the stormwater that infiltrated through bioinfiltration SCM media had lower nitrogen concentrations than background lysimeter samples at deeper depths. Additional research is needed to determine the nitrogen removal mechanisms responsible for the loss of TKN and NOx-N by the bioinfiltration SCM outlined in this study. In summary, the bioinfiltration SCM provided significant volume reductions and water quality treatment.
机译：这项研究的重点是通过生物渗透雨水控制措施（SCM）实现的脱氮。 SCM是经过工程设计的系统，使用诸如生物，化学和物理过程等环境方法来处理雨水的水质，同时还能减少雨水量和地表水的峰值流量。 2001年，在维拉诺瓦大学校园内一个学生居住区建造了一个生物浸润SCM，作为停车场的中位数改造，以处理大约2.54厘米的暴风雨事件（1.27厘米作为媒体存储，1.27厘米作为池水）。这项研究全面检查了氮的去除，氮是雨水径流中存在的污染物之一。在过去九年中，在整个站点收集的地表和地下雨水样品均进行了以下氮素测试：总氮（TN），总凯氏氮（TKN），亚硝酸盐（NO2-N），硝酸盐（NO3-- N）和NOx-N（NO2--N + NO3--N）。使用溶渗仪在生物渗透介质（LYS 0）的表面，1.2 m深的渗透介质（LYS 4）的底部以及渗透介质下方的另外1.2 m（LYS 8）处收集地下孔隙水样品。除了在生物渗透系统中收集的样品外，还对周围的原位土壤水和井水样品中的氮进行了测试，以将工程系统与自然本底条件下的氮去除率进行比较。分析了雨水样品从流入到流出的浓度和负荷。该系统的排放是通过渗入原位土壤而发生的。从转换后的雨水渠中流出的任何溢流都将留在溢洪道中。从对水文学进行分析的364次暴雨中，通过生物浸润SCM显着减少了流入的雨水量。生物渗透系统捕获了100％小于1.27 cm的风暴事件，97％的1.27 cm – 2.54 cm的风暴以及50％的大于2.54 cm的风暴。从降雨开始平均测量的持续时间为32小时，再加上0.5 cm / hr的衰退土壤速率，在介质内创建了更长的饱和区。从入渗顶部开始，TN，TKN和NOx-N浓度显着降低培养基到培养基底部（TN，TKN和NOx-N分别为34％，47％和53％），这表明生物浸润培养基中发生了氮去除。在池中样品和培养基底部未观察到NO2--N或NO3--N的季节趋势。在0.9 m和1.8 m深度的天然土壤中，更深的溶渗仪具有与TKN相当的浓度，但对于NOx-N则具有明显更高的浓度。 LYS 8与周围地下水井之间的NO 3--N比较表明，地下水样品明显高于离开生物渗透SCM底部并渗透到系统底部1.2 m以下的水。从地表水中通过生物渗透介质的氮负荷在统计学上显着降低。对于TN，TKN，NOx-N，NO2--N和NO3--N，进入生物渗透SCM与溢出之间的中位负载减少量为100％。通过渗透减少的质量是主要的污染物去除机制。 TKN，NO2-N和NO3--N负荷的处理发生在生物渗透介质中;因此，SCM可以有效地减少雨水径流，以减少水量和去除氮。总体而言，通过生物渗透SCM介质渗透的雨水的氮浓度比在深度更深的背景渗漏仪样品的氮浓度低。需要进行其他研究来确定本研究中概述的生物渗透SCM导致TKN和NOx-N损失的脱氮机理。总而言之，生物浸润SCM可以显着减少体积并进行水质处理。

著录项

  • 作者

    Lord, Laura Elizabeth.;

  • 作者单位

    Villanova University.;

  • 授予单位 Villanova University.;
  • 学科 Engineering Civil.;Sustainability.;Engineering Environmental.
  • 学位 M.S.V.
  • 年度 2013
  • 页码 205 p.
  • 总页数 205
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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