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Development and evaluation of an intelligent transportation systems-based architecture for electric vehicles.

机译：开发和评估基于智能交通系统的电动汽车架构。

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摘要

The rapid development of increasingly complex in-vehicle electronics now offers an unprecedented level of convenience and versatility as well as accelerates the demand for connected driving experience, which can only be achieved in a comprehensive Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) technology based architecture. While a number of charging and range related issues continue to impede the Electric Vehicle (EV) market growth, integrating ITS technologies with EVs has the potential to address the problems and facilitate EV operations. This dissertation presents an ITS based vehicle infrastructure communication architecture in which abundant information can be exchanged in real time through vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to- infrastructure communication, so that a variety of in-vehicle applications can be built to enhance the performance of EVs.;This dissertation emphasizes on developing two applications that are specifically designed for EVs. First, an Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) based routing and recharging strategy dedicated to accommodate EV trips was devised. The algorithm developed in this study seeks, in real time, the lowest cost route possible without violating the energy constraint and can quickly provide an alternate suboptimal route in the event of unexpected situations (such as traffic congestion, traffic incident and road closure). If the EV battery requires a recharge, the algorithm can be utilized to develop a charging schedule based on recharging locations, recharging cost and wait time, and to simultaneously maintain the minimum total travel time and energy consumption objectives. The author also elucidates a charge scheduling model that maximizes the net profit for each vehicle-to-grid (V2G) enabled EV owner who participates in the grid ancillary services while the energy demands for their trips can be guaranteed as well. By applying ITS technologies, the charge scheduling model can rapidly adapt to changes of variables or coefficients within the model for the purpose of developing the latest optimal charge/discharge schedule.;The performance of EVs involved in the architecture was validated by a series of simulations. A roadway network in Charleston, SC was created in the simulator and a comparison between ordinary EVs and connected EVs was performed with a series of simulation experiments. Analysis revealed that the vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to- infrastructure communication technology resulted in not only a reduction of the total travel time and energy consumption, but also in the reduction of the amount of the recharged electricity and corresponding cost, thus significantly relieving the concerns of range anxiety. The routing and recharging strategy also potentially allows for a reduction in the EV battery capacity, in turn reducing the cost of the energy storage system to a reasonable level. The efficiency of the charge scheduling model was validated by estimating optimal annual financial benefits and leveling the additional load from EV charging to maintain a reliable and robust power grid system. The analysis showed that the scheduling model can indeed optimize the profit which substantially offsets the annual energy cost for EV owners and that EV participants can even make a positive net profit with a higher power of the electrical circuit. In addition, the extra load distribution from the optimized EV charging operations was more balanced than that from the unmanaged EV operations. Grid operators can monitor and ease the load in real time by adjusting the prices should the load exceed the capacity.;The ITS supported architecture presented in this dissertation can be used in the evolution of a new generation of EVs with new features and benefits for prospective owners. This study suggests a great promise for the integration of EVs with ITS technologies for purpose of promoting sustainable transportation system development.
机译：日益复杂的车载电子设备的快速发展现在提供了前所未有的便利性和多功能性，并加速了对互联驾驶体验的需求，而这只能通过基于智能交通系统（ITS）技术的综合体系结构来实现。尽管许多与充电和续驶里程相关的问题继续阻碍电动汽车（EV）市场的增长，但将ITS技术与电动汽车相集成具有解决这些问题并促进电动汽车运营的潜力。本文提出了一种基于ITS的车辆基础设施通信体系结构，该体系结构中可以通过车辆与车辆之间以及车辆与基础设施之间的通信实时交换大量信息，从而可以构建各种车载应用程序以提高性能。本论文着重于开发两个专门为电动汽车设计的应用程序。首先，设计了一种基于蚁群优化（ACO）的路线和充电策略，专门用于满足EV出行需求。本研究开发的算法可实时寻找成本最低的路线，而不会违反能源约束，并且在发生意外情况（例如交通拥堵，交通事故和道路封闭）时，可以快速提供一条次优路线。如果EV电池需要充电，则可利用该算法根据充电位置，充电成本和等待时间制定充电时间表，并同时维持最小的总行驶时间和能耗目标。作者还阐明了一种收费计划模型，该模型可使参与电网辅助服务的每个启用车辆到电网（V2G）的EV所有者的净利润最大化，同时也可以保证其出行的能源需求。通过应用ITS技术，充电计划模型可以快速适应模型中变量或系数的变化，以开发最新的最佳充电/放电计划。;通过一系列仿真验证了架构中涉及的电动汽车的性能。在模拟器中创建了位于南卡罗来纳州查尔斯顿的道路网络，并通过一系列模拟实验对普通电动汽车和相连电动汽车进行了比较。分析表明，车对车和车对基础设施通信技术不仅减少了总行驶时间和能源消耗，而且还减少了可充电电量和相应的成本，从而显着降低了减轻了对范围焦虑的担忧。路由和充电策略还可能会降低EV电池容量，从而将能量存储系统的成本降低到合理水平。通过估算最佳年度财务收益并平摊电动汽车充电的额外负载以维持可靠而强大的电网系统，验证了充电调度模型的效率。分析表明，调度模型确实可以优化利润，从而大大抵消了电动汽车车主的年度能源成本，而且电动汽车参与者甚至可以在电路功率更高的情况下获得正的净利润。此外，优化的EV充电操作所产生的额外负载分配比未管理的EV操作所产生的额外负载分配更为均衡。当负载超过容量时，电网运营商可以通过调整价格来实时监控和缓解负载。本论文中介绍的ITS支持的体系结构可用于具有新功能和优势的新一代电动汽车的发展。拥有者。这项研究为将电动汽车与ITS技术集成在一起以促进可持续交通系统发展提供了广阔前景。

著录项

  • 作者

    Li, Zhiyun.;

  • 作者单位

    Clemson University.;

  • 授予单位 Clemson University.;
  • 学科 Engineering Civil.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2013
  • 页码 187 p.
  • 总页数 187
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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