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首页> 外文学位 >Information, communication, and infrastructure: How citizen activists use information technology to transform American party politics .
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Information, communication, and infrastructure: How citizen activists use information technology to transform American party politics .

机译：信息，通讯和基础设施：公民活动家如何使用信息技术来改变美国的政党政治。

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摘要

Communication infrastructure underlies all group interaction in an extended republic, yet the role of its evolution in the development of American political parties remains relatively unexplored. Rather than examine how attributes of this infrastructure might act as variables shaping organization and behavior, traditional models of party development assume it to be a neutral element of the larger context within which partisan actors operate. The model developed here brings the evolution of infrastructure into the foreground, exploring its role in shaping American political parties over time.;The most widely accepted models of parties locate the source of change with the actors who create and control party institutions, but by viewing control itself as a potential variable, the model developed here is able to isolate how infrastructure development itself alters power relations over time. The central contention of this work is that changes to the nation's communication and information infrastructures alter the opportunities and constraints for political action, driving the evolution of parties over time. As new infrastructures are deployed, the patterns of partisan interaction throughout society change, opening windows of opportunity during which party leadership is more likely to change hands. Particularly important are decentralizing infrastructural changes, which can provide previously marginalized actors with the tools necessary to challenge their exclusion from party activity. Citizen involvement in party politics is thus demonstrated to vary with both the nature of the available infrastructure and the content that infrastructure carries.;This new infrastructure-driven model of change is tested through an examination of party development in two eras: 1790-1835, between the expansion of the post office and the development of the telegraph; and 2000-2012, when the Internet first became an important infrastructure for organizing party activity. The model is found to be quite useful in explaining the evolution of party conflict in both eras, highlighting similarities that demonstrate how the decentralization of communication infrastructure creates opportunities for political outsiders to drive change.
机译：通讯基础设施是扩展共和国中所有团体互动的基础，但其演变在美国政党发展中的作用仍未得到充分探索。传统的政党发展模型没有研究这种基础设施的属性如何充当影响组织和行为的变量，而是假设它是党派参与者活动所在的大环境的中立要素。这里开发的模型将基础设施的演进置于前台，探索其在逐步塑造美国政党中的作用。;最广泛接受的政党模型通过创建和控制政党机构的参与者来定位变化的根源，作为一个潜在变量来控制自身，此处开发的模型能够隔离基础设施开发本身如何随时间改变功率关系。这项工作的中心论点是，国家通讯和信息基础设施的变化改变了政治行动的机会和限制，推动了政党随着时间的推移而发展。随着新基础设施的部署，整个社会中党派互动的模式发生了变化，打开了机会之窗，在此期间，党的领导更可能易手。分散基础设施的变化尤为重要，它可以为先前处于边缘地位的行为者提供挑战其被排除在党外活动之外的必要工具。事实证明，公民对政党政治的参与随可用基础设施的性质和基础设施所承载的内容的不同而有所不同。这种新的基础设施驱动的变革模式通过考察两个时代的政党发展进行了测试：1790-1835年，在扩大邮局和发展电报之间； 2000年至2012年，互联网首次成为组织聚会活动的重要基础设施。发现该模型对于解释两个时代的政党冲突的演变非常有用，强调了相似之处，这些论点证明了通信基础设施的分散化如何为政治局外人推动变革提供机会。

著录项

  • 作者

    Whalen, Robert Alexander.;

  • 作者单位

    Boston University.;

  • 授予单位 Boston University.;
  • 学科 History United States.;Political Science General.;Speech Communication.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2013
  • 页码 438 p.
  • 总页数 438
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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