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首页> 外文学位 >An investigation of microbial diversity in crude oil & seawater injection systems and microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) of linepipe steels under different exposure conditions.
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An investigation of microbial diversity in crude oil & seawater injection systems and microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) of linepipe steels under different exposure conditions.

机译：研究原油和海水注入系统中的微生物多样性以及不同暴露条件下管线钢的微生物学腐蚀（MIC）。

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摘要

During oil and gas operations, pipeline networks are subjected to different corrosion deterioration mechanisms that result from the interaction between the fluid process and the linepipe steel. Among these mechanisms is microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) that results from accelerated deterioration caused by different indigenous microorganisms that naturally reside in the hydrocarbon and associated seawater injection systems. The focus of this research is to obtain comprehensive understanding of MIC. This work has explored the most essential elements (identifications, implications and mitigations) required to fully understand MIC. Advanced molecular-based techniques, including sequencing of 16S rRNA genes via 454 pyrosequencing methodologies, were deployed to provide in-depth understanding of the microbial diversity associated with crude oil and seawater injection systems and their relevant impact on MIC. Key microbes including sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) and iron reducing bacteria (IRB) were cultivated from sour oil well field samples. The microbes' phylotypes were identified in the laboratory to gain more thorough understanding of how they impact microbial corrosion. Electrochemical and advanced surface analytical techniques were used for corrosion evaluations of linepipe carbon steels (API 5L X52 and X80) under different exposure conditions.;On the identification front, 454 pyrosequencing of both 16S rRNA genes indicated that the microbial communities in the corrosion products obtained from the sour oil pipeline, sweet crude pipeline and seawater pipeline were dominated by bacteria, though archaeal sequences (predominately Methanobacteriaceae and Methanomicrobiaceae) were also identified in the sweet and sour crude oil samples, respectively. The dominant bacterial phylotypes in the sour crude sample included members of the Thermoanaerobacterales, Synergistales, and Syntrophobacterales. In the sweet crude sample, the dominant phylotypes included members of Halothiobacillaceae. In the seawater injection sample, the dominant bacterial phylotypes included members of the Rhodobacterales, Flavobacteriales and Oceanospirillales. Interestingly, common bacterial phylotypes that are related to Thermotogaceae were identified in all investigated samples. The impact of the identified microbial communities on MIC of pipeline system was presented.;On the implications front, the influence of field SRB (Desulfomicrobium sp. and Clostridiales.) on the corrosion process was complex. The bacterial activities, metabolic reactions and by-products contributed to the corrosion process. Based on the observations and results, corrosion involves multiple synergistic mechanisms. The MIC vulnerability of X52 was higher than X80 due to microstructural effects. On the other hand, the field IRB consortium (Shewanella oneidensis sp. and Brevibacillus sp.) exhibited inhibitory action on the corrosion process. The maximum corrosion rate was ∼4 mpy in the biotic system and ∼18 mpy in the abiotic system. Corrosion mechanisms were proposed to explain the protective behavior of the IRB consortium.;On the special effects front, the influence of remnant magnetic fields (3000 Gauss strength) on MIC by a SRB consortium was investigated. The results confirm substantial increases of bacteria cell attachment, biofilm mass, corrosion and pitting penetration rates under magnetized biotic compared to nonmagnetized biotic conditions. The significant enhancement of MIC under magnetized biotic conditions has been attributed to the synergetic interaction between SRB cells and associated metabolic products with magnetic fields. The effect of magnetic fields on the thermodynamics and kinetics of the bacterial cell attachment and the electrochemical process has been presented.;On the mitigation front, this work presented a pioneer study on the inhibition effects of azadirachtin (Neem) extracts of SRB influenced corrosion. The results revealed that Neem extracts reduced the biocorrosion rate by approximately 50%. Neem significantly reduced the contribution of SRB in the corrosion process by minimizing the growth of cells, which subsequently suppressed the production of sulfide, density of sessile cells and development of biofilm. Moreover, the Neem extracts might provide an organic coating that protects the surface against the medium.;The work provided by this research will expand the MIC knowledge within the oil and gas industry and will improve monitoring and prevention strategies and direct future research of MIC-related issues, such as microbial injection inhibitors aided with magnetic fields applications and environmentally friendly biocides.
机译：在石油和天然气运营期间，由于流体过程和管线钢之间的相互作用，管道网络会遭受不同的腐蚀恶化机制。这些机制中有一种是微生物影响的腐蚀（MIC），这种腐蚀是由天然存在于碳氢化合物和相关的海水注入系统中的不同本地微生物引起的加速降解所致。这项研究的重点是获得对MIC的全面了解。这项工作探索了充分理解MIC所需的最基本要素（标识，含义和缓解措施）。先进的基于分子的技术，包括通过454焦磷酸测序方法对16S rRNA基因进行测序，已被用于深入了解与原油和海水注入系统相关的微生物多样性及其对MIC的相关影响。从酸性油井田样品中培养出包括硫酸盐还原细菌（SRB）和铁还原细菌（IRB）在内的关键微生物。在实验室中确定了微生物的系统型，以更全面地了解它们如何影响微生物腐蚀。电化学和先进的表面分析技术用于在不同暴露条件下对管线钢碳钢（API 5L X52和X80）进行腐蚀评估。;在鉴定方面，两个16S rRNA基因的454焦磷酸测序表明，获得的腐蚀产物中的微生物群落尽管在酸性和酸性原油样品中也分别鉴定出古细菌序列（主要是甲烷细菌科和甲基微生物菌科），但从酸性油管道，甜原油管道和海水管道中仍以细菌为主。含硫原油样品中主要的细菌系统型包括嗜热厌氧杆菌，协同增效细菌和滑膜细菌。在甜原油样品中，主要系统型包括卤硫杆菌科成员。在海水注入样品中，主要细菌系统型包括红细菌，黄杆菌和大螺旋藻的成员。有趣的是，在所有调查的样品中都鉴定出与嗜热菌科相关的常见细菌系统型。提出了确定的微生物群落对管道系统MIC的影响。在影响方面，现场SRB（脱硫微球菌和梭菌）对腐蚀过程的影响是复杂的。细菌活动，新陈代谢反应和副产物导致了腐蚀过程。根据观察结果，腐蚀涉及多种协同机制。由于微观结构的影响，X52的MIC脆弱性高于X80。另一方面，田间IRB财团（Shewanella oneidensis sp。和Brevibacillus sp。）表现出对腐蚀过程的抑制作用。在生物系统中，最大腐蚀速率约为4 mpy，在非生物系统中约为18 mpy。提出了腐蚀机理来解释IRB财团的保护行为。在特殊效果方面，研究了SRB财团的残余磁场（3000高斯强度）对MIC的影响。结果证实，与未磁化的生物条件相比，在磁化的生物条件下细菌细胞附着，生物膜质量，腐蚀和点蚀渗透率显着提高。在磁化的生物条件下，MIC的显着增强归因于SRB细胞与相关的代谢产物与磁场之间的协同相互作用。提出了磁场对细菌细胞附着的热力学和动力学以及电化学过程的影响。在缓解方面，这项工作提出了关于印RB素（Neem）提取物对SRB影响腐蚀的抑制作用的开创性研究。结果表明，印em提取物使生物腐蚀率降低了约50％。印em通过最小化细胞的生长显着降低了SRB在腐蚀过程中的作用，从而抑制了硫化物的产生，无柄细胞的密度和生物膜的发育。此外，印em提取物可能提供保护表面不受介质侵害的有机涂层。这项研究提供的工作将扩大石油和天然气行业中的MIC知识，并将改善监测和预防策略并指导MIC-的未来研究相关问题，例如在磁场应用和环境友好的杀菌剂的帮助下进行的微生物注射抑制剂。

著录项

  • 作者

    AlAbbas, Faisal Mohammed.;

  • 作者单位

    Colorado School of Mines.;

  • 授予单位 Colorado School of Mines.;
  • 学科 Engineering Materials Science.;Biology Microbiology.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2013
  • 页码 324 p.
  • 总页数 324
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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