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Characterization of chemical composition and sources of PM2.5 aerosols.

机译：PM2.5气雾剂化学成分和来源的表征。

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摘要

Fine particles (PM2.5), ≤2.5 mum, reduce visibility, affect global climate, and human health. Therefore we investigated the chemical composition and sources of PM2.5 aerosols in metropolitan New York (Queens) and two rural locations, Pinnacle State Park (∼350 km to the northwest) and Whiteface Mt (∼390 km north, ∼1.5 km amsl). Daily PM2.5 aerosols were collected on Zeflour filters, July 1, 2001 to June 30, 2002. Filters were analyzed for SO42- by ion-chromatography and by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for Mg, Al, Ca, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn, As, Se, Cd, Sb and Pb in water-leached and acid digested aliquots of the aerosols. The highest annual mean concentrations were observed at Queens followed by Pinnacle State Park and Whiteface Mountain. Since the bioavailibility is an important factor in determining the health impact of various species the concentrations of the soluble fraction as well as the total were determined. The soluble fractions at the three sites were essentially the same. The mean solubilities were (%): Mg, 94 +/- 21; V, 91 +/- 13; Zn, 88 +/- 22; As, 87 +/- 20; Mn, 83 +/- 20; Pb, 83 +/- 21; Se, 77 +/- 21; Sb, 75 +/- 17; Co, 65 +/- 16; Fe, 58 +/- 21; and Ni, 55 +/- 20. The oxides of V, Mn, As, Se and Sb are highly soluble. It appears that these elements were produced during high temperature combustion. The contributions from nearby and distant regional sources were evaluated by correlating the daily-observed concentrations with 3-day backward HYSPLIT 4 air trajectories. At Queens, 44--55% of SO4 2- was transported from the Midwest, whereas ∼60% was transported to Pinnacle State Park and Whiteface Mt. The transported component of trace metals at Queens were (%): Se, ∼50; Ni, Sb and Pb, ∼30--40; Mg, Mn, As, Co and Fe, ∼20--27; and V and Zn, 20 are transported. Based on Positive Matrix Factorization analysis, the emissions from coal and oil-fired power plants motor vehicles, sea salt and soil were the major contributors. The SO42- aerosols contributed up to ∼50% of the PM2.5 mass. Hence, any strategy to minimize the atmospheric PM2.5 mass must curtail emissions from fossil fuel burning.
机译：≤2.5微米的微粒（PM2.5）会降低能见度，影响全球气候和人类健康。因此，我们调查了纽约大都会（皇后区）和两个农村地区，品尼高州立公园（西北约350公里）和怀特菲斯山（北约390公里，约1.5公里阿姆斯勒）的PM2.5气溶胶的化学成分和来源。 。从2001年7月1日至2002年6月30日在Zeflour过滤器上收集每日PM2.5气溶胶。通过离子色谱法和电感耦合等离子体质谱法对过滤器中的Mg，Al，Ca，V，Cr，Mn进行SO42-分析。 ，Fe，Co，Ni，Zn，As，Se，Cd，Sb和Pb在水浸和酸消化的气溶胶等分试样中。在皇后区观察到最高的年平均浓度，其次是品尼高州立公园和怀特菲斯山。由于生物利用度是确定各种物种对健康的影响的重要因素，因此确定了可溶性部分的浓度以及总浓度。三个位置的可溶级分基本相同。平均溶解度为（％）：Mg，94 +/- 21； Mg，94 +/- 21。 V，91 +/- 13； V，91 +/- 13。锌88 +/- 22;如，87 +/- 20; Mn，83 +/- 20； Mn，83 +/- 20。铅83 +/- 21; Se，77 +/- 21； Se，77 +/- 21。锑，75 +/- 17； Co 65 +/- 16；铁58 +/- 21; V，Mn，As，Se和Sb的氧化物是高度可溶的。这些元素似乎是在高温燃烧过程中产生的。通过将每日观测到的浓度与3天后退HYSPLIT 4空气轨迹相关联，评估了来自附近和远方区域来源的贡献。在皇后区，有44--55％的SO4 2-是从中西部运输的，而约60％的SO4 2-是从品尼高州立公园和怀特菲斯山运输的。皇后区微量金属的迁移成分为（％）：Se，〜50； Ni，Sb和Pb，约30--40； Mg，Mn，As，Co和Fe，〜20--27; V和Zn <20。根据“正矩阵因式分解”分析，燃煤和燃油发电厂的机动车，海盐和土壤的排放量是主要贡献者。 SO42-气溶胶占PM2.5质量的约50％。因此，任何最小化大气PM2.5含量的策略都必须减少化石燃料燃烧的排放。

著录项

  • 作者

    Qureshi, Sumizah.;

  • 作者单位

    State University of New York at Albany.;

  • 授予单位 State University of New York at Albany.;
  • 学科 Environmental Sciences.; Physics Atmospheric Science.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2005
  • 页码 309 p.
  • 总页数 309
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 环境科学基础理论;大气科学（气象学）;
  • 关键词

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