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Psychosocialpredictors of posthumous organ donation intention: A comparison among Chinese, Japanese, and American adults.

机译：死者器官捐赠意愿的社会心理预测因素：中国，日本和美国成年人的比较。

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摘要

Previous studies have shown that the general public exhibits favorable attitudes toward posthumous organ donation, but a low donor card signing rate. Hence, positive attitudes may not be a good predictor of the behavioral commitment to donate organs. This dissertation was a cross-cultural study on the actual behaviors of signing or taking away the donor card (i.e. b&barbelow;ehavioral i&barbelow;ntentions to d&barbelow;onate organs after death (BID). It aimed at proposing an integrative, content-specific but culture-general model for posthumous organ donation. The model was composed of two levels of influences on BID, namely, the proximal level (including self-efficacy toward signing the donor card, general attitudes toward posthumous organ donation, and subjective norm for posthumous organ donation) as well as the distal level (including knowledge regarding posthumous organ donation, altruism, and after-death anxiety). The model was first tested and refined among 517 Chinese college students (Study 1), and was then further validated with 290 Chinese community adults (Study 2) in Hong Kong. The applicability of the model was also examined with a Western control sample of 217 Caucasian American college students (Study 3) and a non-Chinese Asian sample of 670 Japanese college students (Study 4). Psychosocial characteristics of three college samples were then compared, and ethnic differences on predictive values of psychosocial factors on BID were studied (Study 5).; By path analysis, it was found that only self-efficacy and subjective norm, but not general attitudes, significantly predicted individuals' BID across all samples. Moreover, in contrast to the hypothesis, results showed that after-death anxiety predicted self-efficacy but not attitudes. Low after-death anxiety, accurate knowledge regarding organ donation, and high subjective norm promoted self-efficacy. Altruism was the main determinant of attitudes but its indirect impact on BID was weak. The applicability of the model on all four samples was acceptably high, and the configural invariance of the model was generally supported across three ethnic groups.; The ANOVA results challenged the old assumption of underlying similarities in psychosocial characteristics across Asian ethnic groups. As expected, Americans were the most likely to show BID, followed by Chinese, while Japanese had the lowest tendency to show BID. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
机译：先前的研究表明，公众对死者器官捐赠表现出良好的态度，但是捐赠者卡签名率较低。因此，积极的态度可能不能很好地预测捐赠器官的行为承诺。本论文是一项跨文化的研究，研究了签署或拿走捐赠者卡的实际行为（即死亡后的性器官（BID）的意图），旨在提出一个综合的，针对特定内容但遗体器官捐献的文化通用模型，该模型包括对BID的两个影响水平，即近端水平（包括对捐献者卡签名的自我效能，对遗体器官捐献的一般态度以及遗体器官的主观规范）模型以及远端水平（包括有关死者器官捐赠，利他主义和死后焦虑的知识），该模型首先在517名中国大学生中进行了测试和完善（研究1），然后用290名中国人进行了进一步验证社区成年人（研究2）。该模型的适用性还通过西部对照样本（包括217名美国白人学生）（研究3）和非670名日本大学生的中国亚洲样本（研究4）。然后比较了三个大学样本的社会心理特征，研究了对BID的社会心理预测值的种族差异（研究5）。通过路径分析，发现只有自我效能和主观规范，而不是一般态度，才能显着预测所有样本中个体的BID。此外，与该假设相反，结果表明，死后焦虑可以预测自我效能，但不能预测态度。死后焦虑低，对器官捐赠的准确了解以及高主观规范促进了自我效能感。利他主义是态度的主要决定因素，但它对BID的间接影响较弱。该模型在所有四个样本上的适用性都很高，并且在三个种族中普遍支持该模型的结构不变性。方差分析的结果挑战了亚洲族群心理社会特征基本相似之处的旧假设。不出所料，美国人最有可能显示BID，其次是中国人，而日本人则显示出BID的趋势最低。 （摘要由UMI缩短。）

著录项

  • 作者

    Wu Man Sze Anise.;

  • 作者单位

    The Chinese University of Hong Kong (People's Republic of China).;

  • 授予单位 The Chinese University of Hong Kong (People's Republic of China).;
  • 学科 Psychology Behavioral.; Psychology Social.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2005
  • 页码 136 p.
  • 总页数 136
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 心理学;社会心理、社会行为;
  • 关键词

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