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Culture and implicit self-concept inconsistency.

机译：文化与内隐的自我概念不一致。

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Research has demonstrated that members of East Asian cultures, because they are relatively dialectical (e.g., they are more tolerant of contradiction, and express more change in their thoughts and behaviors across time and context), express more inconsistency in their self-beliefs than members of prototypical Western culture. The current research builds on this work by extending self-concept inconsistency to implicit self-views.; In Study 1, Chinese, Chinese American, and European American participants completed explicit and implicit measures of self-beliefs in the domains of extraversion and introversion, and explicit and implicit measures of self-esteem. Chinese and Chinese American participants indicated more inconsistency on the explicit self-concept measure, and scored lower on the explicit self-esteem measure, than European American participants. Regarding implicit self-beliefs, Chinese American extraverts were better at associating the self with introverted words than were European American extraverts. For implicit self-esteem, there were no differences within the groups in associating the self with positive valence, while Chinese participants were better at associating the self with negative than the former groups. These effects were due to European American and Chinese American participants having more polarized or biased associations of themselves with positive valence, while Chinese participants were more balanced in associating themselves with both positive and negative.; In Study 2, Chinese and European American participants, after rating the self-descriptiveness of traits that were semantic opposites, completed an episodic memory task; specifically, they were asked to remember episodes in which they behaved in a manner consistent with a number of characteristics, including the traits from earlier. After a filler task, participants were given a surprise memory test and asked to remember all the words from the episodic memory task. Chinese participants were more likely to remember contradictory pairs of words. Also, out of the contradictory words that were remembered, Chinese participants were more likely to have rated these words as self-descriptive in the first part of the study, suggesting that the memory advantage for these words was due to the self-reference effect. Discussion focuses on the mechanisms through which members of dialectical cultures come to possess relatively inconsistent self-views, and implications for future research.
机译：研究表明，东亚文化的成员相对而言是辩证的（例如，他们更能容忍矛盾，并且在时间和语境中表达出更多的思想和行为变化），因此与成员相比，他们的自我信念更加不一致。典型的西方文化当前的研究以这项工作为基础，将自我概念的不一致性扩展到了内隐的自我观点。在研究1中，华裔，华裔美国人和欧洲裔美国人参与者在外向和内向领域完成了对自我信念的显式和内隐测量，并完成了自尊的显性和内隐测量。与欧美美国人相比，中美华裔参与者在外显的自我概念测评中表现出更多的不一致，并且在外显的自尊测评中得分较低。关于内隐的自我信仰，华裔美国人性格外向者比欧洲性格外向者更擅长将自我与内向的词语联系起来。对于内隐的自尊，在将自我与正价联系起来的群体中没有差异，而在中国人中，与前者相比，在将自我与负价联系起来方面更好。这些影响归因于欧美和华裔参与者对自己的积极价态有更多的两极分化或偏见联想，而中国参与者在将自己与积极和消极联系起来时更加平衡。在研究2中，美国和中国的参与者在评价了语义对立的特征的自我描述性之后，完成了一个情景记忆任务。具体而言，要求他们记住其行为表现符合许多特征（包括早期特征）的情节。完成填充任务后，对参与者进行了意外的记忆测试，并要求他们记住情景记忆任务中的所有单词。中国参与者更容易记住矛盾的单词对。同样，在记忆的矛盾单词中，中国参与者更有可能在研究的第一部分将这些单词定为自我描述性单词，这表明这些单词的记忆优势是由于自我参照效应。讨论的重点是辩证文化成员具有相对不一致的自我看法的机制，以及对未来研究的启示。

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