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The effects of starter fertilizer on root and shoot growth of corn hybrids and seeding rates and plant-to-plant variability in growth and grain yield

机译：入门肥对玉米杂交种根，芽生长的影响及播种率及生长和产量的植物间差异。

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摘要

Starter fertilizer often increases early-season growth of corn; however, yield responses have varied. Yield responses often occur on soils with low soil fertility, however, have occurred on soils with high fertility. Currently, farmers are attempting to reduce plant-to-plant variability in growth and development to maximize grain yield. Farmers have asked if placing starter fertilizer near the seed could reduce plant-to-plant variability with the hypothesis that uniform fertility will result in uniform plants. We conducted two experiments near Ames, Iowa, and Nashua, Iowa with similar treatments and data collection. Starter fertilizer was banded 5 cm below the seed and 5 cm to the side of the seed consisting of fertilizers containing nitrogen and phosphorus (monoammonium phosphate and ammonium polyphosphate). Three hybrids were planted at three seeding rates with and without starter fertilizer. Treatments were arranged in a complete factorial randomized complete block design. We measured ten tagged plants per plot for height, stem diameter, and developmental stage multiple times through the season. We also collected anthesis and silking dates on these plants, and hand harvested and measured grain yield components after maturity. Plant height and stem diameter were measured on five untagged destructively sampled plants at the same time as the plants taken to hand harvest. We developed equations to correlate plant height and stem diameter to plant biomass to estimate plant biomass on tagged plants. We used the coefficient of variation to describe variability in plant growth and grain yield per plot. Starter fertilizer increased early season growth and the developmental rate of corn. Starter fertilizer increased plant-to-plant variability in growth at the low seeding rate in Ames one year. Grain yield increased with starter fertilizer in 2012; however, the response was related to low fertility.
机译：改良剂肥料通常会增加玉米的早期生长。但是，产量响应却有所不同。产量响应通常发生在土壤肥力低的土壤上，然而，发生在土壤肥力高的土壤上。当前，农民正试图减少植物和植物在生长发育过程中的变异性，以使谷物产量最大化。农民问是否在种子附近放置起子肥料可以减少植物之间的变异性，假设均一的肥力将导致植物的一致。我们在爱荷华州埃姆斯市和爱荷华州纳舒厄市附近进行了两个实验，并进行了类似的处理并收集了数据。起动剂肥料在种子下方5 cm处绑扎，在种子侧面5 cm处绑扎，由含氮和磷的肥料（磷酸一铵和多磷酸铵）组成。在有和没有起始肥的情况下，以三种播种率种植了三个杂种。治疗安排在一个完整的因子随机完整模块设计中。我们在整个季节中多次测量了每块地上十株带标签的植物的高度，茎直径和发育阶段。我们还收集了这些植物的花期和绢丝日期，并在成熟后手工收获并测量了籽粒产量成分。在手采植物的同时，对五种未加标签的破坏性取样植物进行了植物高度和茎直径的测量。我们开发了将植物高度和茎直径与植物生物量相关联的方程，以估计标记植物上的植物生物量。我们使用变异系数来描述每块地的植物生长和谷物产量的变异性。改良肥增加了玉米的早期生长和发育速度。在艾姆斯播种的一年中，在低播种速率下，发酵剂肥料增加了植物间生长的变异性。 2012年，使用增施肥料增加了谷物单产。但是，这种反应与低生育率有关。

著录项

  • 作者

    Pierson, Warren Lee.;

  • 作者单位

    Iowa State University.;

  • 授予单位 Iowa State University.;
  • 学科 Agronomy.
  • 学位 M.S.
  • 年度 2013
  • 页码 127 p.
  • 总页数 127
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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