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首页> 外文学位 >Rule of Law Experts in Afghanistan: A Socio-Legal History of the First Afghan Constitution and the Indo-Ottoman Nexus in Kabul, 1860-1923
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Rule of Law Experts in Afghanistan: A Socio-Legal History of the First Afghan Constitution and the Indo-Ottoman Nexus in Kabul, 1860-1923

机译：阿富汗法治专家：1860-1923年喀布尔的第一个阿富汗宪法和印支奥斯曼同盟的社会法律历史

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摘要

This dissertation provides the first transnational genealogy of the individuals, ideas, and institutions that culminated in the adoption of Afghanistan's first constitution in 1923. Based on archival research in Afghanistan, Turkey, India, and Britain, the study uncovers the longue duree history behind the text, including the genesis of its drafting commission, its multinational contributors from Constantinople to Qandahar, and the challenges they overcame in producing the pioneering charter. Drawing on records and manuscripts in Ottoman Turkish, Persian, Arabic, and Urdu, the study first traces the burgeoning tripartite ties between Ottomans, Afghans, and Indians from the aftermath of the 1857 Sepoy Rebellion to World War I. While historians of Pan-Islamism have tended to focus on radical ideologues and militant jihads, the emphasis on confrontation with the west has overlooked more subtle internal processes, such as the surge in students and scholars---as well as texts and ideas---traversing between the Ottoman and British empires at this time. Challenging conventional tropes of warring tribes and barren frontiers, I locate Afghanistan as a crucial juncture for such transnational social networks, and a center of debates about law, citizenship, and what it meant to be a modern Muslim. The dissertation culminates with the convergence of three simultaneous developments of profound historical impact in the greater Middle East: the collapse of the Ottoman empire, Afghanistan's independence from Britain in 1919, and the Indian Khilafat Movement of 1919-1924. Amidst this dramatic backdrop of revolutionary politics and Pan-Islamic activism, I draw attention to an untold juridical history: the ensuing competition between Ottoman lawyers, Afghan administrators, and Indian jurists who converged in Kabul to market their expertise to the world's only fully-sovereign "Islamic state." It was the synthesis of these legal actors and the diverse juridical histories they represented, I conclude, that ultimately produced Afghanistan's first constitution between 1919 and 1923.;In unearthing the social and cultural origins of Afghanistan's first constitution, the dissertation contributes a long overdue corrective to the scarce scholarly literature on Afghan legal history. The study also problematizes literature on the modern Middle East that silences the non-Ottoman "periphery" as passive objects caught between the colonial rivalry of Britain and Russia. Such works, I show, ignore the contributions of other independent rulers in the region such as the Barakzai dynasty in Kabul, including the Afghan monarchs Amir `Abd al-Rah&dotbelow;man (1880-1901), Amir H&dotbelow;abib-Allah (1901-1919), and Amir Aman-Allah (1919-1929) in particular. By examining the Afghan court's patronage of scholarly networks from Damascus to Delhi, I argue that this unique constitutional project cannot be reduced to European mimicry and obeisance, nor an identity politics of Pan-Islam triggered at the behest of the Ottomans. In this manner, the dissertation enriches Afghanistan studies beyond the confines of the Great Game, Cold War, or recent literature on "failed states." Instead, the study persuades us to rediscover Afghanistan with a different past---when Kabul represented a center of debates, cosmopolitanism, and contested visions of reform in the region.;The dissertation's focus on emergent transnational Islamic legal cultures---or juridical Pan-Islamism---between the late Ottoman empire, British India, and Afghanistan illustrates how modern notions of law, administration, and statecraft transcended politically-bounded territories. More specifically, the study sharpens our understanding of how urban centers within the vast socio-cultural zone stretching from the Balkans to Bengal came to be increasingly linked through specific networks, institutions, and processes of expertise associated with Islamic legal modernism. In tracing the social and institutional genealogy of the first Afghan constitution (1923), the dissertation examines how modern Muslim legal practices developing in Istanbul, Kabul, and greater Delhi in the long nineteenth century could simultaneously overlap, intersect, and co-evolve into distinct Ottoman, Afghan, and Indian juridical fields. Finally, as a socio-legal history it shows how a diverse cast of actors---Turks and Arabs, Indians and Persians, but most of all, Afghans---shaped the fields of constitutional law and politics in the greater Islamic world.
机译：这篇论文提供了个人，思想和机构的第一个跨国谱系，这些谱系最终以1923年采用阿富汗的第一部宪法为基础。基于对阿富汗，土耳其，印度和英国的档案研究，该研究揭示了背后的贵族杜蕾历史。案文，包括其起草委员会的起源，从君士坦丁堡到坎大哈的跨国捐助者，以及他们在制定开创性宪章方面所克服的挑战。这项研究借鉴了奥斯曼土耳其，波斯，阿拉伯和乌尔都语的记录和手稿，首先追溯了从1857年塞波伊叛乱到第一次世界大战后奥斯曼，阿富汗人和印度人之间蓬勃发展的三方关系。同时，泛伊斯兰主义的历史学家倾向于集中于激进的思想家和好战的圣战分子，对与西方对抗的强调却忽略了更微妙的内部过程，例如在奥斯曼帝国和奥斯曼帝国之间穿越的学生和学者以及文本和思想的激增。英帝国在这个时候。在挑战交战部落和荒芜边境的传统风俗时，我认为阿富汗是此类跨国社会网络的关键关头，也是有关法律，公民身份及其对现代穆斯林的意义的辩论中心。论文的最终结果是在大中东地区发生的三个同时具有深远历史影响的事态发展的融合：奥斯曼帝国的瓦解，1919年阿富汗脱离英国的独立以及1919-1924年的印度希拉法特运动。在革命性政治和泛伊斯兰主义激进的戏剧性背景下，我提请人们注意一段不为人知的司法历史：奥斯曼律师，阿富汗管理人员和印度法学家之间的竞争，他们聚集在喀布尔，将其专业知识推销给世界上唯一的完全主权国家“伊斯兰国家。”我总结说，正是这些法律行为者及其所代表的各种司法历史的综合最终产生了1919年至1923年之间的阿富汗第一部宪法;在发掘阿富汗第一部宪法的社会和文化渊源时，论文为早就该进行的矫正做出了贡献到有关阿富汗法律历史的稀缺学术文献。这项研究还对现代中东地区的文学提出了质疑，这些文学使非奥斯曼帝国的“外围”成为英国和俄罗斯殖民对立之间的被动对象。我发现，这类作品忽略了该地区其他独立统治者的贡献，例如喀布尔的巴拉克宰王朝，包括阿富汗君主阿米尔·阿卜杜勒·拉赫曼（1880-1901），阿米尔·阿卜杜拉·阿拉（1901年） -1919年），尤其是阿米尔·阿曼·阿拉（Amir Aman-Allah，1919-1929年）。通过考察阿富汗法院对从大马士革到德里的学术网络的支持，我认为，这个独特的宪法项目不能沦为欧洲的模仿和服从，也不能像奥斯曼帝国的要求那样引发泛伊斯兰的认同政治。通过这种方式，学位论文丰富了阿富汗的研究范围，超越了“大战”，“冷战”或有关“失败国家”的最新文献的范围。取而代之的是，这项研究说服我们重新发现了过去的阿富汗-喀布尔代表了该地区辩论，世界主义和有争议的改革远景的中心;论文的重点是新兴的跨国伊斯兰法律文化-或司法泛伊斯兰主义-在已故的奥斯曼帝国，英属印度和阿富汗之间，说明了现代法律，行政管理和治国方略如何超越政治限制的领土。更具体地说，这项研究使我们对从巴尔干到孟加拉的广阔社会文化区内的城市中心如何通过与伊斯兰法律现代主义相关的特定网络，机构和专门知识的过程越来越紧密地联系起来了。在追溯第一部阿富汗宪法（1923年）的社会和制度谱系时，论文研究了十九世纪漫长的伊斯坦布尔，喀布尔和大德里的现代穆斯林法律实践如何能够同时重叠，交叉和共同演变成独特的奥斯曼帝国，阿富汗和印度的司法领域。最后，作为社会法律的历史，它表明了不同的演员群体-土耳其人和阿拉伯人，印度人和波斯人，但最重要的是阿富汗人-如何塑造了更大的伊斯兰世界中的宪法和政治领域。

著录项

  • 作者

    Ahmed, Faiz.;

  • 作者单位

    University of California, Berkeley.;

  • 授予单位 University of California, Berkeley.;
  • 学科 Middle Eastern history.;Islamic studies.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2013
  • 页码 764 p.
  • 总页数 764
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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