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Systematics and evolution of the basal lineages of Therevidae (Insecta: Diptera).

机译：Therevidae（Insecta：Diptera）的基础谱系的系统学和进化。

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摘要

The objective of this study was to resolve the relationships among the basal lineages of the family Therevidae (Insecta: Diptera) and to test the monophyly of the family and the two basal subfamilies. A chapter on the morphological features of Phycinae and Xestomyzinae was produced to unify the terms used in this study. A world catalog of Phycinae and Xestomyzinae is provided, which include the names of all described species belonging to these two subfamilies. Keys to the genera of Phycinae and Xestomyzinae are given, together with a diagnosis and distribution map of each genus. Four new species of Xestomyzinae are described from Madagascar. One new genus of Xestomyzinae and three new species from sub-Saharan Africa are described as new to science. All fossil taxa described as Therevidae were examined and revised. From the four fossil species from Florissant, Colorado, only one species belongs to the family Therevidae; from Mexican amber a new genus and species of Xestomyzinae is described; and the Baltic amber fauna consisted of three monotypic Phycinae genera and one monotypic Xestomyzinae genus, of which three genera and one species are described as new. For the phylogenetic study 67 ingroup taxa (Phycinae & Xestomyzinae) and 8 outgroup taxa were scored for 124 morphological characters and 12 of 14 Phycinae genera, as well as 6 of the 10 Xestomyzinae genera were sequenced for the nuclear genes 28S and EF-1alpha. The morphological and the molecular datasets were analyzed both in combination and separately using maximum parsimony and a Bayesian approach to phylogenetic reconstruction. The resulting trees show great congruence in the basal splits but differed in some details in the tip portion of the tree. The results support the monophyly of the family Therevidae, and the subfamilies Phycinae and Xestomyzinae respectively. The subfamily Phycinae is the sister-group to the remaining Therevidae and does not form a monophyletic clade with the Xestomyzinae as hypothesized before. The Xestomyzinae is the sister-group to the remaining Therevidae (with the exclusion of the Phycinae). A divergence time estimate suggested that the basal radiation of the Therevidae was during the time of the Gondwana breakup.
机译：这项研究的目的是解决特雷维达家族（Insecta：Diptera）的基础血统之间的关系，并测试该家族和两个基础亚科的单亲性。编写了关于藻类和Xestomyzinae形态特征的章节，以统一本研究中使用的术语。提供了藻类和黄藻科的世界目录，其中包括描述的属于这两个亚科的所有物种的名称。给出了Phycinae和Xestomyzinae属的关键，以及每个属的诊断和分布图。马达加斯加描述了Xestomyzinae的四个新种。一种新的Xestomyzinae属和三个来自撒哈拉以南非洲的新物种被描述为科学新手。对所有描述为Therevidae的化石分类群进行了检查和修订。在科罗拉多州弗洛里桑特的四种化石物种中，只有一种属于特雷维达科。从墨西哥琥珀中描述了一种新的Xestomyzinae属和种。波罗的海的琥珀动物区系由3个单性的Phycinae属和1个单性的Xestomyzinae属组成，其中3个属和1个属新物种。在系统发育研究中，对67个内群类群（Phycinae＆Xestomyzinae）和8个外群类群进行了124个形态学特征评分，对14个Phycinae属中的12个进行了分类，并对10个Xestomyzinae属中的6个进行了核基因28S和EF-1alpha的测序。使用最大简约度和贝叶斯方法对系统形态学和分子数据集进行了组合和单独分析。生成的树在基部分割中显示出极大的一致性，但是在树的尖端部分在某些细节上有所不同。结果支持Therevidae家族的单亲性，分别是Phycinae和Xestomyzinae的亚科。菲科亚科是其余的特维科的姊妹组，并且不像以前所假设的那样与异蝇科形成单系进化枝。 Xestomyzinae是剩下的Therevidae（不包括Phycinae）的姐妹组。一个发散时间的估计表明，特里维达科的基础辐射是在冈瓦纳解体期间。

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  • 作者

    Hauser, Martin.;

  • 作者单位

    University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.;

  • 授予单位 University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.;
  • 学科 Biology Entomology.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2005
  • 页码 317 p.
  • 总页数 317
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 昆虫学;
  • 关键词

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