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首页> 外文学位 >Winter Barley as a Commodity Cover Crop in the Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain and Evaluation of Soft Red Winter Wheat Nitrogen Use Efficiency by Genotype, and its Prediction of Nitrogen Use Efficiency through Canopy Spectral Reflectance in the Eastern USA.
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Winter Barley as a Commodity Cover Crop in the Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain and Evaluation of Soft Red Winter Wheat Nitrogen Use Efficiency by Genotype, and its Prediction of Nitrogen Use Efficiency through Canopy Spectral Reflectance in the Eastern USA.

机译：冬季大麦作为大西洋中部沿海平原的商品覆盖作物，并通过基因型评估了软红冬小麦的氮肥利用效率，并通过美国东部的冠层光谱反射率对氮肥利用效率进行了预测。

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摘要

To understand the impact of N management on harvestable cover crop systems, seven research trials compared: 1) standard intensive management (SIM) (both fall and spring N application), 2) No fall N, a single spring N application, and 3) Cover N (no N application) effects on winter barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) plant biomass (PB), plant N uptake (PNU), grain yield, residual soil nitrate (RSN), and ammonium (RSA). In general, at winter dormancy, SIM resulted in increased PB and PNU but not RSN or RSA. At cover crop termination; SIM and the No fall N practices increased PNU, and at harvesting stage; they produced higher grain yields than the Cover N practice with little significant effect on RSN or RSA values, under normal climatic conditions. While overall yields for the No fall N treatment were lower (8%) than SIM yields, partial net return was similar due to decreased fertilizer input.;Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of soft red winter wheat (SRWW) can be improved by characterizing genotypes for NUE using canopy spectral reflectance [(CSR), a cheap, rapid and non-destructive remote sensing tool]. The other objectives of this study were to evaluate the predictive potential of vegetative reflection indices for wheat nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) by genotype and the appropriate stages of CSR sensing. An elite panel of 281 regionally developed SRWW genotypes was screened under low and normal N regimes in two crop seasons for grain yield, N uptake, nitrogen use efficiency for yield (NUEY) and nitrogen use efficiency for protein (NUEP). The best models incorporating CSR data at wheat heading explained a significant proportion of total variation in grain yield, N uptake, NUEY and NUEP. Based on the best linear unbiased predictor values, genotypes were ranked and grouped into quartiles and the most efficient and responsive genotypes were identified. A significant proportion of the genotypes with high NUEY under high N conditions also had high NUEY under N stress; however, this was not the case for NUEP. Similarly, a significant proportion of genotypes with high NUEY also had high NUEP under both normal and low N conditions.
机译：为了了解氮肥管理对可收获覆盖作物系统的影响，对七个研究试验进行了比较：1）标准集约管理（SIM）（秋季和春季氮肥施用），2）无秋季氮肥，单一春季氮肥施用，以及3）覆盖氮（无氮肥）对大麦（Hordeum vulgare L.）植物生物量（PB），植物氮吸收（PNU），谷物产量，残留土壤硝酸盐（RSN）和铵（RSA）的影响。通常，在冬季休眠时，SIM会导致PB和PNU增加，而RSN或RSA不会增加。覆盖作物终止时； SIM和不倒N习俗在收获阶段增加了PNU。在正常气候条件下，它们的谷物单产高于Cover N的做法，对RSN或RSA值的影响不大。尽管不降氮处理的总产量比SIM的产量低（8％），但由于肥料用量的减少，部分净回报率是相似的。通过表征，可以提高软红冬小麦（SRWW）的氮利用效率（NUE）利用冠层光谱反射率[（CSR），一种便宜，快速且无损的遥感工具]对NUE进行基因分型。这项研究的另一个目标是通过基因型和CSR感测的适当阶段，评估营养反射指数对小麦氮利用效率（NUE）的预测潜力。在两个作物季节的低氮和正常氮制度下，筛选了一个由281个区域发展的SRWW基因型组成的精英小组，以调查其谷物产量，氮素吸收，氮素利用率（NUEY）和氮素利用率（NUEP）。结合小麦抽穗期CSR数据的最佳模型解释了谷物产量，氮素吸收，NUEY和NUEP的总变化中很大一部分。根据最佳线性无偏预测值，对基因型进行排名并分组为四分位数，并确定最有效和反应最快的基因型。在高氮条件下有很大比例的高NUEY基因型在高氮胁迫下也有高NUEY。但是，NUEP并非如此。同样，在正常和低氮条件下，很大比例的高NUEY基因型也具有高NUEP。

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  • 作者

    Pavuluri, Kiran.;

  • 作者单位

    Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University.;

  • 授予单位 Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University.;
  • 学科 Agronomy.;Plant sciences.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2013
  • 页码 159 p.
  • 总页数 159
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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