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首页> 外文学位 >Bloodied but bruised: How the World War II American Army at Kasserine Pass grew up in North Africa.
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Bloodied but bruised: How the World War II American Army at Kasserine Pass grew up in North Africa.

机译：流血但瘀伤：第二次世界大战美国军队在北卡塞琳山口的成长过程。

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摘要

The American Army's first encounter during World War II with the German Army in North Africa at the Battle of Kasserine Pass resulted in a tactical defeat. Lloyd Fredendall, the II Corps commander, did not lead from the front and instead preferred to remain at a safe distance in his man-made command post cut into a mountain over one hundred miles from his forward positions. After the Wehrmacht launched its attack on 14 February 1943, the American positions quickly disintegrated and headquarters elements fled to the rear stranding entire infantry units on mountaintops. As the senior leaders were running for their lives, they ordered field grade officers to conduct counterattacks against a superior German armor force. These battalion commanders fought valiantly, but were overmatched and their units became combat ineffective. Finally, two days into the fight, British General Kenneth Anderson released a substantial reinforcement element to bolster the lines and slow down the German thrust enough to allow the American 9th Infantry Division artillery forces to be brought 735 miles to eventually stop Field Marshall Erwin Rommel's offensive. Following the defeat, General Dwight Eisenhower replaced senior generals who had made glaring tactical mistakes throughout the battle with capable leaders. The new commanders instilled discipline within the ranks which would play a critical role in future battles in North Africa.;Eisenhower realized that the men under his command made mistakes throughout the battle and he was inspired to create changes in combat training. First, lessons had to be collected from the men at the frontlines. "Ike" issued training directives based on combined arms lessons to the units under his command, but he also had a bolder plan to influence the training cycles of basic training and unit predeployment training in the United States. Armed with combat experience, Eisenhower flooded the War Department with recommendations to intensify training to better prepare the units for war. The bureaucracy of the War Department prevented immediate modifications to existing training cycles, but by late summer 1943 training regiments were infused with battle lessons. The ability of the American Army to change training based on the lessons it received from the frontlines of North Africa was decisive to success in the North African, Mediterranean, and European theater of operations.
机译：在第二次世界大战期间，美国军队在北卡塞琳山口战役中与德国军队在北非的第一次相遇导致了战术上的失败。第二军司令官劳埃德·弗雷登达尔（Lloyd Fredendall）没有从前线领导，而是宁愿留在他的人造指挥所中安全的距离，该指挥所从他的前锋位置切开一百多英里。 1943年2月14日，国防军发动进攻后，美国阵地迅速瓦解，总部人员逃到后方，将整个步兵部队困在山顶上。当高级领导人为自己的生命奔跑时，他们命令野战级军官对一支高级德国装甲部队进行反击。这些营的指挥官英勇奋战，但作战过度，其部队作战无力。最终，在战斗进行了两天后，英国将军肯尼思·安德森（Kenneth Anderson）释放了强大的增援部队，以加强防线并放慢德国的推力，以使美国第9步兵师的火炮部队达到735英里，以最终制止马歇尔·欧文·隆美尔（Field Marshall Erwin Rommel）的进攻。失败后，德怀特·艾森豪威尔将军代替了在战斗中犯了明显战术失误的高级将军，由能干的领导人取代。新的司令官们在队伍中灌输了纪律，这将在北非未来的战斗中发挥关键作用。艾森豪威尔意识到，在他的指挥下，士兵们在整个战斗中都犯了错误，并受到启发，在战斗训练中做出了改变。首先，必须从前线的人那里收集教训。 “艾克”根据他的指挥下的部队联合训练课程发布了训练指令，但他也有一个大胆的计划来影响美国基础训练和部队部署前训练的训练周期。拥有战斗经验的艾森豪威尔向军队提出了大量建议，以加强训练以更好地为部队做好战争准备。战争部的官僚机构阻止立即修改现有的训练周期，但到1943年夏末，训练团被注入了战斗课程。美国陆军根据从北非前线获得的经验教训来改变训练的能力，对于在北非，地中海和欧洲战区取得成功至关重要。

著录项

  • 作者

    Sherwood, Christopher Eric Jacob, Sr.;

  • 作者单位

    The Florida State University.;

  • 授予单位 The Florida State University.;
  • 学科 History Military.
  • 学位 M.A.
  • 年度 2013
  • 页码 170 p.
  • 总页数 170
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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