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A slippery slope: Essays on income, wealth, and the health gradient.

机译：滑坡：关于收入，财富和健康梯度的论文。

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摘要

The relationship between health and socioeconomic status (SES), often called the health gradient, is a complex and perplexing research puzzle. Individuals with higher incomes tend to be healthier (although at a declining rate with higher income), yet it is unclear why this is so. Here, I argue that wealth and savings, largely neglected in past empirical work, provide important insights into the health-SES relationship. An empirical model in which income and wealth are transformed using the inverse hyperbolic sine is shown to capture important variations in health throughout the income and wealth distributions for U.S. working-age adults. The three-dimensional gradient in income, wealth, and health illustrates two patterns that are investigated in the following chapters: the predominance of poor health among those with little savings, and variations in health disparities by wealth over the life cycle.;Panel data from the Health and Retirement Study are used to investigate a likely mode through which wealth may have a causal effect on health among the poor: through financial constraints that limit access to health care at the time of illness. I capitalize on recent research suggesting that income and wealth do not cause the onset of certain acute illnesses, conditional on past health. Viewing unexpected costs associated with such illnesses as financial shocks, I find that approximately one quarter of the population that experiences a stroke, cancer, heart problem, or high blood pressure has insufficient liquid assets to cover typical costs of unexpected medical care. Furthermore, this study suggests that a causal relationship between lack of savings and health recovery is plausible, possibly contributing to the steep slope of the gradient about zero.;In the final chapter, I test a number of hypotheses that could account for the observed life cycle pattern of declining socioeconomic disparities in health in old age. I find that poor measurement of financial resources and possible cohort, Medicare, or retirement effects, but not attrition, are likely contributors to this phenomenon. Taking into account life-cycle patterns of income receipt and wealth decumulation, I find a large health gradient in wealth among the oldest old.
机译：健康与社会经济地位（SES）之间的关系（通常称为健康梯度）是一个复杂而令人困惑的研究难题。收入较高的个人往往更健康（尽管收入较高的人群的速度正在下降），但目前尚不清楚为什么会这样。在这里，我认为，财富和储蓄在过去的经验研究中大都被忽略了，它们为人们提供了关于健康与SES关系的重要见解。使用反双曲正弦变换收入和财富的经验模型显示出，在美国劳动年龄成年人的整个收入和财富分配中，健康状况都有重要的变化。收入，财富和健康状况的三维梯度说明了以下各章中研究的两种模式：储蓄少的人中健康状况差的占主导地位，以及生命周期内财富差异对健康差异的影响。 《健康与退休研究》用于调查一种可能的模式，在这种模式下，财富可能会对穷人的健康产生因果关系：通过财务限制，限制生病时获得医疗服务。我利用最近的研究表明，收入和财富不会导致某些急性疾病的发作，而这要取决于过去的健康状况。通过查看与财务冲击等疾病相关的意外费用，我发现大约有四分之一的中风，癌症，心脏病或高血压患者的流动资产不足以支付意外医疗的典型费用。此外，这项研究表明，储蓄不足与健康恢复之间的因果关系是合理的，可能是由于梯度的斜率约为零所致。在最后一章中，我测试了许多可以解释观察到的寿命的假设老年健康中社会经济差距缩小的循环模式。我发现，对财务资源的不良衡量以及可能的同类，医疗保险或退休影响（而非损耗）可能是造成此现象的原因。考虑到收入接收和财富减少的生命周期模式，我发现最老的老年人中财富的健康状况梯度很大。

著录项

  • 作者

    Wenzlow, Audra T.;

  • 作者单位

    The University of Wisconsin - Madison.;

  • 授予单位 The University of Wisconsin - Madison.;
  • 学科 Economics General.;Health Sciences Public Health.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2005
  • 页码 140 p.
  • 总页数 140
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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