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首页> 外文学位 >Managing soil microbial communities with organic amendments to promote soil aggregate formation and plant health.
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Managing soil microbial communities with organic amendments to promote soil aggregate formation and plant health.

机译：通过有机改良剂管理土壤微生物群落，以促进土壤团聚体的形成和植物健康。

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摘要

The effects of managing soil with organic amendments were examined with respect to soil microbial community dynamics, macroaggregate formation, and plant physio-genetic responses. The objective was to examine the possibility of managing soil microbial communities via soil management, such that the microbial community would provide agronomic benefits. In part one of this research, effects of three amendments (hairy vetch residue, manure, compost) on soil chemical and microbial properties were examined relative to formation of large macroaggregates in three different soils. Vetch and manure promoted fungal proliferation (measured via two biomarkers: fatty acid methyl ester 18:2o6c and ergosterol) and also stimulated the greatest macroaggregate formation. In part two of this research, effects of soil management (same amendments as above, inorganic N fertilization, organic production) on soil chemical and microbial properties were examined relative to the expression of nitrogen assimilation and defense response genes in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Soil management affected expression of a nitrogen assimilation gene (GS1, glutamine synthetase) and several defense-related genes. The GS1 gene was downregulated with inorganic N fertilization, expression of the pathogenesis-related PR1b gene (which codes for the pathogenesis-related PR1b protein) was increased in plants grown in soil amended with compost, vetch, and N fertilizer, and expression of three other defense-related genes coding for chitinase ( ChiB), osmotin (Osm), and beta-1,3-glucanase ( GluA) were decreased in plants from soil amended with manure and in plants from the organically managed soil. Differential expression of defense-related genes was inversely related to the relative abundance of Gram-negative bacteria. The relative abundance of the 18:1o7c Gram-negative bacterial biomarker was greatest in manure treated soil and in organically managed soil (which receives seasonal manure applications). These treatments also had the lowest expression of ChiB, Osm, and GluA , leading to speculation that manure, through increases in Gram-negative bacteria, may have suppressed populations of soil organisms that induce a defense response in plants, possibly allowing for less-stressed plants. Outcomes of this research may be useful for those interested in developing management strategies for maintaining or improving soil structure as well as those interested in understanding management effects plant physio-genetic responses.;KEYWORDS: Soil management, Organic amendments, Soil microbial community, Soil structure, Plant gene expression.
机译：在土壤微生物群落动力学，大型聚集体形成和植物生理遗传响应方面，研究了使用有机改良剂处理土壤的效果。目的是研究通过土壤管理来管理土壤微生物群落的可能性，从而使微生物群落能够提供农艺效益。在这项研究的第一部分中，相对于在三种不同土壤中形成的大型集料，研究了三种改良剂（多虫菜残渣，肥料，堆肥）对土壤化学和微生物特性的影响。 etch子和粪便促进了真菌的繁殖（通过两个生物标记物：脂肪酸甲酯18：2o6c和麦角固醇测量），并且还刺激了最大的聚集体形成。在本研究的第二部分中，相对于番茄（Solanum lycopersicum L.）的氮同化和防御反应基因的表达，研究了土壤管理（与上述相同的修正，无机氮肥，有机生产）对土壤化学和微生物特性的影响。 ）。土壤管理影响了氮同化基因（GS1，谷氨酰胺合成酶）和一些防御相关基因的表达。 GS1基因被无机氮施肥下调，病原相关的PR1b基因（编码病原相关的PR1b蛋白）的表达在堆肥，v子和氮肥改良的土壤中生长的植物中增加，并且三种粪便改良土壤中的植物和有机管理土壤中植物的编码几丁质酶（ChiB），渗透素（Osm）和β-1,3-葡聚糖酶（GluA）的其他防御相关基因均减少。防御相关基因的差异表达与革兰氏阴性细菌的相对丰度成反比。 18：1o7c革兰氏阴性细菌生物标志物的相对丰度在粪肥处理过的土壤和有机处理的土壤（需季节性施肥的土壤）中最大。这些处理方法中ChiB，Osm和GluA的表达也最低，从而导致推测粪便通过革兰氏阴性细菌的增加可能抑制了土壤生物种群，从而诱导了植物的防御反应，从而可能减轻了压力。植物。这项研究的结果可能对那些对制定维持或改善土壤结构的管理策略感兴趣的人，以及对理解管理效果的植物生理遗传响应的兴趣感兴趣的人。关键词：土壤管理，有机改良剂，土壤微生物群落，土壤结构，植物基因表达。

著录项

  • 作者

    Lucas, Shawn T. H.;

  • 作者单位

    University of Kentucky.;

  • 授予单位 University of Kentucky.;
  • 学科 Agriculture Agronomy.;Agriculture Horticulture.;Agriculture Plant Culture.;Agriculture Soil Science.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2013
  • 页码 182 p.
  • 总页数 182
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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