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Evaluating traditional and alternative perspectives on Paleoindian land use: The view from the central plains and southern rocky mountains.

机译：评价关于古印第安人土地利用的传统观点和替代观点：中部平原和南部落基山脉的观点。

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摘要

This dissertation addresses the controversy between traditional and alternative views on Paleoindian land use. Traditionally, Paleoindians have been portrayed as organized into individual bands that operated within anomalously large ranges under the rationale that subsistence economy was focused on large-scale hunting of wandering herds of big game animals. More recently, advocates of an alternative view have argued that Paleoindians would have been more like later foragers. If so, land use patterns and social organization would have varied from one environment to the next based on the nature and availability of food and tool stone resources and may have involved aggregation of people to cooperate in communal big game hunting.;The relative validity of the two views was addressed through analysis of an artifact collection from the Jurgens site, as well as review of information available in existing literature. In the late 1960s and early 1970s, an artifact assemblage dating to the Cody period was recovered by the CU Museum during excavation of multiple bison bonebeds at the Jurgens site, located on the plains of Colorado. The collection was examined to evaluate how well data on the kinds of artifacts and tool stones present in the assemblage conform to expectations developed under each theoretical approach. In a similar fashion, data from existing literature on artifact collections from sites in a study area encompassing parts of the Central Plains and Southern Rocky Mountains were compared to the differing expectations of the contrasting views regarding the relative amounts of local and nonlocal stone to be expected.;The results of the study favor the alternative view as a more theoretically robust model of land use and social interaction. The dissertation makes a contribution to the field of American archaeology by doing much to resolve the controversy over Paleoindian land use. More importantly, however, the dissertation provides a means by which tool stone availability and social interaction may be adequately taken into consideration when theorizing land use patterns of prehistoric foraging peoples in all times and all places. Therefore, the dissertation may prove to be of utility to the field of archaeology in general.
机译：本文探讨了关于古印度土地利用的传统观点与替代观点之间的争议。传统上，古印第安人被描绘成在异常大范围内运作的个体乐队，其基本原理是生存经济侧重于大型猎物游牧群的大规模狩猎。最近，另一种观点的拥护者认为古印第安人会更像后来的觅食者。如果这样的话，土地利用的模式和社会组织将根据食物和工具石资源的性质和可获得性而从一种环境变化到另一种环境，并且可能涉及聚集人们以合作进行大型狩猎活动。通过分析来自Jurgens网站的文物收集以及对现有文献中可用信息的回顾，可以解决这两种观点。在1960年代末和1970年代初，CU博物馆在科罗拉多州平原的Jurgens遗址挖掘多个野牛骨床时，发现了可追溯到Cody时期的文物组合。对该集合进行了检查，以评估组合中存在的人工制品和工具石种类的数据与每种理论方法下获得的预期相符的程度。以类似的方式，将现有文献中研究区域（包括中原和落基山脉的部分地区）遗址的文物收集数据与不同观点的不同期望进行了比较，这些观点关于预期的本地和非本地石材的相对数量研究结果支持另一种观点，即从理论上讲更可靠的土地利用和社会互动模型。本文通过解决有关古印第安人土地使用的争议，为美国考古学做出了贡献。然而，更重要的是，本文提供了一种手段，在理论上分析史前各地民在任何地方，任何地方觅食人类的土地利用方式时，可以充分考虑工具石的可用性和社会互动。因此，本论文总体上可以证明对考古学领域有用。

著录项

  • 作者

    Naze, Brian Scott.;

  • 作者单位

    University of Colorado at Boulder.;

  • 授予单位 University of Colorado at Boulder.;
  • 学科 Anthropology Archaeology.;History of Science.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2013
  • 页码 1079 p.
  • 总页数 1079
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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