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The discursive organization of risk and safety: How firefighters manage occupational hazards.

机译：风险与安全的话语组织：消防员如何管理职业危害。

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摘要

In spite of sophisticated incident management systems, rigorous training procedures, and advanced fire protection technologies, an alarming number of U.S. firefighters are killed in efforts to save buildings that will be demolished the next day. The persistence of disturbing rates of occupational mortality in the U.S. fire service merely exemplifies dilemmas faced by organizations in a variety of occupational arenas. This ethnographic case study of one municipal fire department demonstrates that scholarly understandings of organized safety and security can be enhanced by greater attention to the intersubjective processes through which risks are managed in organizational discourse. Specifically, it explores several organizational tensions that enabled and constrained how firefighters attempted to achieve a satisfying sense of self in the course of managing an array of occupational hazards. These tensions culminated in a form of insecurity that further destabilized and made more elusive the satisfying sense of self toward which members would strive. As they went about the business of managing occupational hazards and presentations of self, members often preferred to define the identity-enhancing occupational hazards in opposition to clients and in strategically gendered terms. This organizational discourse drew upon and sustained broader discourses of power that constituted gender identities in relation to emotionality, rationality, autonomy, and speedy intervention. In the process of laboring to appraise the nature and extent of specific occupational hazards; firefighters amplified perceptions of risk by portraying occupational hazards as ambiguous, emergent, and novel. Members also attenuated perceptions of risk to themselves by minimizing emotional hazards, downplaying the dangers of traffic, and dismissing vulnerabilities that were invisible but familiar. Firefighters generally constructed the process of risk negotiation in individualistic terms, emphasizing a need for individual caution over collective heedfulness but also depicting a perceived excess of caution as effeminate. Thus, the search to secure self could also be seen in the entrepreneurial efforts of some members to break with training and standard operating procedures and negotiate hazards autonomously and through unbridled aggression. The study concludes with implications for scholars and organizational practitioners.
机译：尽管拥有复杂的事件管理系统，严格的培训程序和先进的消防技术，但为救救将在第二天被拆除的建筑物而努力的美国消防员仍被杀死。在美国消防局中，令人不安的职业死亡率持续存在，仅是组织在各种职业领域所面临的困境的例证。对一个市政消防部门的人种学案例研究表明，通过更多地关注主体间的过程来管理组织话语中的风险，可以增强学术界对有组织的安全保障的理解。特别是，它探讨了几种组织上的紧张关系，这些紧张关系使消防员在管理一系列职业危害的过程中如何努力实现令人满意的自我意识。这些紧张局势最终以一种不安全感的形式加剧，这种不安全感进一步动荡不定，使成员为之奋斗的令人满意的自我意识更加难以捉摸。当他们从事管理职业危害和自我表现的业务时，成员通常更喜欢定义与客户相对的，具有战略意义的性别认同增强身份的职业危害。这种组织性话语汲取并延续了更广泛的权力话语，这些话语构成了关于情感，理性，自治和迅速干预的性别认同。在努力评估特定职业危害的性质和程度的过程中；消防员通过将职业危害描述为模棱两可，突现而新颖，从而增强了对风险的认识。成员还通过最大程度地减少情感上的危险，轻描淡写交通的危险以及消除那些看不见但熟悉的漏洞，来减轻自己对风险的认识。消防员通常以个人主义的方式构建风险谈判的流程，强调需要对集体注意事项进行个人谨慎，但也表示人们认为过度谨慎是有效的。因此，在一些成员的企业努力中，他们寻求突破以训练和标准的操作程序，并自主地和通过无限制的侵略来谈判危害，这也表明了寻求自我保护的努力。该研究结论对学者和组织从业者具有启示意义。

著录项

  • 作者

    Scott, Clifton W.;

  • 作者单位

    Arizona State University.;

  • 授予单位 Arizona State University.;
  • 学科 Speech Communication.; Business Administration Management.; Sociology Industrial and Labor Relations.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2005
  • 页码 317 p.
  • 总页数 317
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 语言学;贸易经济;社会学;
  • 关键词

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