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Investigating priming, inhibition, and individual differences in visual attention.

机译：研究引发，抑制和视觉注意的个体差异。

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摘要

While much has been explored within the attentional control literature, questions still exist as to how attentional processing is modulated, and how different types of visual search paradigms can elucidate the underlying mechanisms involved in successful visual search. Throughout this dissertation, I will focus on the multifaceted aspects that come with the study of visual attention. After discussing visual attention I explore priming of pop out along two different dimensions. Specifically, using a rapid serial visual presentation design, I demonstrate that temporal and spatial priming interact along a similar mechanism. This result adds to the priming literature by demonstrating simultaneous multidimensional priming in our ability to efficiently process our visual environment. Next, I explore attentional distraction and psychophysical thresholds to examine whether an individual's sensitivity to a visual feature can predict the individual's magnitude of distraction by that feature. Results reveal that psychophysical thresholds are not sensitive enough to reflect a definite relationship between an individual's baseline stimulus-driven sensitivity to visual features and the magnitude of distraction by those features. Finally, I explore the role of inhibition (using a stop signal paradigm) in individual differences in abilities to avoid distraction, and examine how working memory capacity influences target selection. Results failed to elucidate this relationship and further research is needed to uncover whether individual differences in avoiding distraction are subserved by either inhibitory processing, or working memory capacity. In conclusion, this dissertation uses various visual search paradigms to explore the interactions of stimulus-driven and goal-driven effects, to illuminate how individual differences inform models of attentional distraction, and to investigate how inhibiting a distractor modulates attentional processing.
机译：尽管在注意力控制文献中已进行了许多探索，但仍存在有关如何调制注意力处理以及不同类型的视觉搜索范例如何阐明成功的视觉搜索所涉及的潜在机制的问题。在整个论文中，我将重点研究视觉注意力研究所涉及的多个方面。在讨论了视觉注意力之后，我将探讨从两个不同维度来弹出流行音乐的方法。具体而言，我使用快速的串行视觉呈现设计，演示了时间和空间启动沿相似的机制相互作用。该结果通过证明我们在有效处理视觉环境方面的能力同时进行多维底涂而增加了底涂文献。接下来，我探索注意力分散和心理物理阈值，以检查个人对视觉特征的敏感度是否可以通过该特征预测个人的分散程度。结果表明，心理物理阈值不够灵敏，无法反映出个体的基线刺激驱动的视觉特征敏感性与这些特征分散注意力的程度之间的明确关系。最后，我探讨了抑制（使用停止信号范式）在个体能力差异中的作用，以避免分心，并研究了工作记忆能力如何影响目标选择。结果未能阐明这种关系，需要进一步的研究来揭示抑制处理或工作记忆能力是否能避免避免分心的个体差异。总之，本文使用各种视觉搜索范式来探索刺激驱动和目标驱动效应的相互作用，阐明个体差异如何引起注意力分散模型的影响，并研究抑制干扰物如何调节注意力加工。

著录项

  • 作者

    Lechak, Jennifer.;

  • 作者单位

    University of New Hampshire.;

  • 授予单位 University of New Hampshire.;
  • 学科 Cognitive psychology.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2013
  • 页码 86 p.
  • 总页数 86
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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