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Topics in quantum transport of charge and heat in solid state systems.

机译：固态系统中电荷和热量的量子传输主题。

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摘要

In the thesis, we present a series of investigations for quantum transport of charge and heat in solid state systems. The first topic of the thesis focuses on the fundamental quantum problems which can be studied with electron transport along with the correlations of detectors to measure physical properties. We theoretically describe a generalized ``which-path'' measurement using a pair of coupled electronic Mach-Zehnder Interferometers. In the second topic of thesis, we investigate an operational approach to measure the tunneling time based on the Larmor clock. To handle the cases of indirect measurement from the first and second topics, we introduce the contextual values formalism. The form of the contextual values provides direct physical insight into the measurement being performed, providing information about the correlation strength between system and detector, the measurement inefficiency, the proper background removal, and the conditioned average value of the system operator. Additionally, the weak interaction limit of these conditioned averages produces weak values of the system operator and an additional detector dependent disturbance term for both cases. In our treatment of the third topic of the thesis, we propose a three terminal heat engine based on semiconductor superlattices for energy harvesting. The periodicity of the superlattice structure creates an energy miniband, giving an energy window to allow electron transport. We find that this device delivers a large amount of power, nearly twice that produced by the heat engine based on quantum wells, with a small reduction of efficiency. This engine also works as a refrigerator in a different regime of the system's parameters. The thermoelectric performance of the refrigerator is analyzed, including the cooling power and coefficient of performance in the optimized condition. We also calculate phonon heat current through the system and explore the reduction of phonon heat current compared to the bulk material. The direct phonon heat current is negligible at low temperatures but dominates over the electronic heat current at room temperature, and we discuss ways to reduce it.
机译：在本文中，我们对固态系统中电荷和热量的量子传输进行了一系列研究。论文的第一个主题集中在基本的量子问题上，这些基本的量子问题可以通过电子传输以及检测器的相关性进行研究，以测量物理性质。我们从理论上描述了使用一对耦合的电子Mach-Zehnder干涉仪进行的广义``哪个路径''测量。在论文的第二个主题中，我们研究了一种基于拉莫尔时钟来测量隧穿时间的操作方法。为了处理第一个和第二个主题中的间接度量的情况，我们介绍了情境价值形式主义。上下文值的形式可直接直观地了解正在执行的测量，并提供有关系统与检测器之间的相关强度，测量效率低下，适当的背景去除以及系统操作员的条件平均值的信息。此外，在两种情况下，这些条件平均值的弱交互作用极限会导致系统操作员的值变弱，并产生依赖于检测器的附加干扰项。在处理本文的第三个主题时，我们提出了一种基于半导体超晶格的三端子热机来进行能量收集。超晶格结构的周期性产生一个能量微带，从而提供一个能量窗以允许电子传输。我们发现该设备可提供大量功率，几乎是基于量子阱的热机产生的功率的两倍，而效率却有所降低。该引擎还可以在不同系统参数范围内充当冰箱。分析了冰箱的热电性能，包括优化条件下的制冷功率和性能系数。我们还计算通过系统的声子热电流，并探索与散装材料相比声子热电流的减少。直流声子热电流在低温下可以忽略不计，但在室温下比电子热流更占优势，我们讨论了降低它的方法。

著录项

  • 作者

    Choi, Yunjin.;

  • 作者单位

    University of Rochester.;

  • 授予单位 University of Rochester.;
  • 学科 Condensed matter physics.;Quantum physics.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2016
  • 页码 178 p.
  • 总页数 178
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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