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首页> 外文学位 >The evolution of resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis in greenhouse Trichoplusia ni populations.
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The evolution of resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis in greenhouse Trichoplusia ni populations.

机译：日光温室滴虫种群中对苏云金芽孢杆菌抗性的演变。

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摘要

The microbial insecticide, Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), has become the mainstay of nonchemical control of Lepidopteran pests either as sprays or through the incorporation of Bt toxins into transgenic crops. Findings in the present study, report the frequent and rapid development of resistance to Bt subsp. kurstaki in populations of cabbage loopers, Trichoplusia ni, in commercial greenhouses in British Columbia, Canada. Studies of the genetic inheritance of resistance to Bt (DiPel) in these populations suggest that the Bt resistance is inherited as an autosomal, partially recessive trait and is due to more than one gene. However in a second study, dominance of Bt resistance varied with the host plant on which Bt was provided suggesting that the host plant will impact resistance evolution.; Cucumber, tomato and sweet pepper are the three principal crops grown in commercial greenhouses. In laboratory studies, T. ni performance varied considerably among the three crops with the most rapid growth and highest fecundity on cucumber leaves and the least rapid growth and lowest fecundity on pepper leaves. This finding suggests that there is intense selection pressure on T. ni populations in pepper environments. Surprisingly, a negative relationship between fecundity and offspring size was observed across the three host plant treatment groups. Offspring of the most fecund cucumber treatment group were significantly smaller than offspring of the least fecund pepper treatment group.; Resistance traits are often assumed to be associated with fitness costs and the presence of such costs may depend on the environment. In herbivorous insects, the host plant is a pivotal component of the herbivore's environment and it is likely that resistance-associated fitness costs are magnified by poor nutritional resources. Therefore, the performance of four genotypic lines (resistant, susceptible and reciprocal hybrids) and their progeny were compared among the three greenhouse crops. Interestingly, the magnitude of fitness costs associated with Bt resistance increased with declining host plant suitability. Moreover, no viable progeny were produced by resistant lines fed the least suitable host plant. Therefore, tritrophic interactions between T. ni, Bt, and the host plant will play a significant role in the evolution of resistance.
机译：苏云金芽孢杆菌（Btillus thuringiensis）微生物杀虫剂已成为喷雾剂或通过将Bt毒素掺入转基因作物中而对鳞翅目害虫进行非化学控制的主体。在本研究中的发现，报告了对Bt亚种抗性的频繁和快速发展。在加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省的商业温室中，卷心菜弯嘴（Trichoplusia ni）种群中的kurstaki。在这些人群中对Bt（DiPel）抗药性的遗传遗传研究表明，Bt抗药性是作为常染色体，部分隐性性状遗传的，并且归因于一个以上的基因。然而，在第二项研究中，Bt抗性的优势因提供Bt的宿主植物而异，这表明宿主植物将影响抗性的进化。黄瓜，番茄和甜椒是商业温室中的三种主要农作物。在实验室研究中，在三种作物中，T。ni的表现差异很大，黄瓜叶上生长最快，繁殖力最高，而辣椒叶上生长最快，繁殖力最低。这一发现表明，在辣椒环境中，T。ni种群面临巨大的选择压力。令人惊讶的是，在三个寄主植物治疗组中观察到了繁殖力与后代大小之间的负相关关系。多胎黄瓜处理组的后代显着小于少胎胡椒处理组的后代。抗性特征通常被认为与健身成本有关，而这种成本的存在可能取决于环境。在草食性昆虫中，寄主植物是草食动物环境的重要组成部分，营养资源不足可能会增加与抗性相关的适应性成本。因此，在三种温室作物中比较了四个基因型品系（抗性，易感和互惠杂种）的表现及其后代。有趣的是，随着寄主植物适应性的下降，与Bt抗性相关的适应成本的幅度也随之增加。而且，饲喂最不适合的宿主植物的抗性品系没有产生存活的后代。因此，T.ni，Bt和宿主植物之间的三养相互作用将在抗性的进化中发挥重要作用。

著录项

  • 作者

    Janmaat, Alida Francisca.;

  • 作者单位

    The University of British Columbia (Canada).;

  • 授予单位 The University of British Columbia (Canada).;
  • 学科 Biology Entomology.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2005
  • 页码 155 p.
  • 总页数 155
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 昆虫学;
  • 关键词

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