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Locomotor Function and Phylogeny: Implications for Interpreting the Hominoid Fossil Record.

机译：运动功能和系统发育：对类人化石记录的解释意义。

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摘要

While most researchers agree that Australopithecus afarensis moved bipedally on the ground based on numerous derived traits and preserved footprints, there are opposing views regarding the arboreal locomotor activites of this taxon. This question remains unresolved due to the potential influence of phylogenetic constraints imposed on the forelimb anatomy of early hominins, making it difficult to measure the influence of stabilizing selection on the retention of primitive forelimb traits related to arboreal locomotion. Since the limb morphology of an organism represents a compromise of these factors, it is difficult to determine the degree to which limb features indicate current locomotor adaptation or simply reflect heritage. In addition to Australopithecus afarensis, noted mosaics of features in well-known Miocene catarrhines such as Proconsul have led to difficulties in reconstructing their locomotor profiles. This study aims to assess the relative correspondence between variation in forelimb traits and locomotor behaviors of extant primates while taking evolutionary relationships into account. This approach enhances our understanding of the correspondence between locomotor behavior and skeletal anatomy across extant anthropoids, allowing the identification of the most reliable indicators of locomotion.;Phylogenetic generalized least-squares was employed to identify those forelimb traits that most closely correspond with locomotion and to construct regression models for five locomotor categories including suspension, climbing, quadrupedalism, leaping, and arboreality. These models were applied to the fossils of Australopithecus afarensis and Proconsul heseloni to infer the locomotor behavior of these extinct species.;The predictive models from this study support previous interpretations of Proconsul heseloni locomotion including above branch quadrupedalism and climbing. A small amount of terrestrial locomotion was suggested as well. With regard to Australopithecus afarensis, a small amount of arboreal climbing activities was inferred based on this species' phalangeal morphology, but caution must be taken with these results due to the confidence intervals surrounding these predictions and those of the modern human sample. While these predictive models were unable to provide clear conclusions regarding early hominin arboreal locomotion, this study suggests that phylogenetic comparative methods provide a refined assessment of locomotor function from the fossilized forelimb remains of Miocene catarrhines such as Proconsul heseloni .
机译：尽管大多数研究人员都同意，南方古猿基于许多衍生特征和保留的足迹在地面上双足移动，但对该类群的树突运动活动却有相反的看法。由于系统发育限制对早期人类激素的前肢解剖结构的潜在影响，这个问题仍未解决，这使得很难测量稳定选择对与树木运动相关的原始前肢性状保留的影响。由于生物体的肢体形态代表了这些因素的折衷，因此很难确定肢体特征指示当前运动适应性或仅反映传统的程度。除了南方古猿以外，众所周知的中新世卡他汀（例如Proconsul）中某些特征的镶嵌也导致重建它们的运动特征方面存在困难。本研究旨在评估前肢性状变异与现存灵长类动物运动行为之间的相对对应关系。这种方法加深了我们对现存类人动物运动行为与骨骼解剖之间对应关系的理解，从而可以确定最可靠的运动指标。系统发生广义最小二乘用于确定与运动最密切相关的前肢特征，并且为五个运动类别构建回归模型，包括悬浮，攀爬，四足，跳跃和树木运动。这些模型被应用到了南方古猿化石和Proconsul heseloni的化石上，以推断这些灭绝物种的运动行为。这项研究的预测模型支持Proconsul heseloni运动的先前解释，包括上述四足动物和爬山。也建议进行少量的地面运动。关于非洲南方古猿，根据该物种的指骨形态推断出少量的树栖攀援活动，但由于围绕这些预测和现代人类样本的置信区间，因此对这些结果必须谨慎。虽然这些预测模型无法提供有关早期人参树素树皮运动的明确结论，但这项研究表明，系统发育比较方法可以从中新世卡他胶化石的前肢残骸（如Proconsul heseloni）中对运动功能进行精细评估。

著录项

  • 作者

    Rein, Thomas R.;

  • 作者单位

    New York University.;

  • 授予单位 New York University.;
  • 学科 Anthropology Physical.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2010
  • 页码 389 p.
  • 总页数 389
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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