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首页> 外文学位 >Le chunking perceptif de la parole: Sur la nature du groupement temporel et son effet sur la memoire immediate.
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Le chunking perceptif de la parole: Sur la nature du groupement temporel et son effet sur la memoire immediate.

机译：感知语音分块：时间分组的性质及其对即时记忆的影响。

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摘要

In numerous behaviors involving the learning and production of sequences, temporal groups emerge spontaneously, created by delays or a lengthening of elements. This chunking has been observed across behaviors of both humans and animals and is taken to reflect a general process of perceptual chunking that conforms to capacity limits of short-term memory. Yet, no research has determined how perceptual chunking applies to speech. We provide a literature review that bears out critical problems, which have hampered research on this question. Consideration of these problems motivates a principled demonstration that aims to show how perceptual chunking applies to speech and the effect of this process on immediate memory (or "working memory"). These two themes are presented in separate papers in the format of journal articles.;Paper 1: The perceptual chunking of speech: a demonstration using ERPs To observe perceptual chunking on line, we use event-related potentials (ERPs) and refer to the neural component of Closure Positive Shift (CPS), which is known to capture listeners' responses to marks of prosodic groups. The speech stimuli were utterances and sequences of nonsense syllables, which contained intonation phrases marked by pitch, and both phrase-internal and phrase-final temporal groups marked by lengthening. Analyses of CPSs show that, across conditions, listeners specifically perceive speech in terms of chunks marked by lengthening. These lengthening marks, which appear universally in languages, create the same type of chunking as that which emerges in sequence learning by humans and animals. This finding supports the view that listeners chunk speech in temporal groups and that this perceptual chunking operates similarly for speech and non-verbal behaviors. Moreover, the results question reports that relate CPS to intonation phrasing without considering the effects of temporal marks.;Paper 2: Perceptual chunking and its effect on memory in speech processing: ERP and behavioral evidence We examined how the perceptual chunking of utterances in terms of temporal groups of differing size influences immediate memory of heard speech. To weigh these effects, we used behavioural measures and ERPs, especially the N400 component, which served to evaluate the quality of the memory trace for target lexemes heard in the temporal groups. Variations in the amplitude of the N400 showed a better memory trace for lexemes presented in groups of 3 syllables compared to those in groups of 4 syllables. Response times along with P300 components revealed effects of position of the chunk in the utterance.;This is the first study to demonstrate the perceptual chunking of speech on-line and its effects on immediate memory of heard elements. Taken together the results suggest that a general perceptual chunking enhances a buffering of sequential information and a processing of speech on a chunk-by-chunk basis.;Keywords: Speech segmentation, chunking, prosody, pre-boundary lengthening, event-related potentials, CPS, N400, P300, short-term memory.
机译：在涉及序列的学习和产生的许多行为中，时间元素是由元素的延迟或延长而自发出现的。已经在人类和动物的行为中观察到了这种分块，并被认为反映了符合短期记忆能力极限的感知分块的一般过程。然而，尚无研究确定感知分块如何应用于语音。我们提供了文献综述，其中提出了一些关键问题，这些问题阻碍了对此问题的研究。对这些问题的考虑促使进行了有原则的演示，旨在演示感知分块如何应用于语音以及此过程对即时记忆（或“工作记忆”）的影响。这两个主题以期刊文章的形式在单独的论文中提出。论文1：语音感知块：使用ERP的演示为了在线观察感知块，我们使用事件相关电位（ERP）并指神经闭合正向移位（CPS）的组成部分，已知它可以捕获听众对韵律组标记的响应。语音刺激是无意义的音节的发声和序列，包含以音高标记的语调短语，以及以加长标记的短语内部和短语最后的时态组。对CPS的分析表明，在各种情况下，听众都可以通过加长标记的块来特定地感知语音。这些加长标记普遍存在于语言中，它们产生的分块类型与人和动物序列学习中出现的分块类型相同。这一发现支持了以下观点：听众将时间组中的语音分块，并且这种感知分块对语音和非语言行为的操作类似。此外，结果的问题报告将CPS与语调短语相关联，而没有考虑时间标记的影响。论文2：感知分块及其对语音处理中的记忆的影响：ERP和行为证据我们从以下方面研究了发声的感知分块：大小不同的时间组会影响听觉语音的即时记忆。为了权衡这些影响，我们使用了行为测量和ERP，尤其是N400组件，这些组件用于评估在时态组中听到的目标词素的记忆轨迹的质量。与4个音节组相比，N400振幅的变化显示了3个音节组中出现的词素更好的记忆轨迹。响应时间与P300组件一起揭示了话语中语块的位置的影响。；这是第一个证明在线语音的感性语块及其对听觉元素立即记忆的影响的研究。总体而言，结果表明，一般的感知分块可增强顺序信息的缓冲和逐块地进行语音处理。关键词：语音分段，分块，韵律，边界前加长，事件相关的电位， CPS，N400，P300，短期记忆。

著录项

  • 作者

    Gilbert, Annie C.;

  • 作者单位

    Universite de Montreal (Canada).;

  • 授予单位 Universite de Montreal (Canada).;
  • 学科 Language Linguistics.;Psychology Cognitive.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2013
  • 页码 156 p.
  • 总页数 156
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 肿瘤学;
  • 关键词

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