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Phylogenetic Systematics of the Supragenus Rasbora (Teleostei: Cyprinidae).

机译：上兰属植物的系统发育系统学（Teleostei：Cyprinidae）。

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摘要

The fishes of the supragenus Rasbora, with 104 valid species, comprise among the most species-rich and widespread lineages of cyprinids that live throughout a vast expanse from the subcontinent India through Southeast Asia as far south as Sundaland. Despite its remarkable diversity, high abundance, and broad distribution, the systematics of Rasbora is highly problematic primarily due to the conflicting phylogenetic hypotheses among previous studies. A multifaceted systematic study incorporating more taxa and characters of Rasbora, which encompasses the alpha-taxonomic work of Rasbora as well as phylogenetic analyses using both morphology and molecules, was conducted to resolve the current systematic disagreement and taxonomic problems of the group.;The alpha-taxonomic study in the present study results in the description of eight new species of Rasbora from northern Sumatra: Rasbora api, R. kluetensis, R. nodulosa, R. truncata, Rasbora n. sp. 1, Rasbora n. sp. 2, Rasbora n. sp. 3, and Rasbora n. sp. 4. In addition, a new set of characters useful to diagnose for two rasborin groups, the Reticulata and Sumatrana groups, were described (i.e., the microstructure of the cephalic tubercles and the body pigmentations). Given the allopatric distribution of three of the aforementioned new species, three areas of endemism in northwestern Sumatra are recognized.;Cladistic analysis of Rasbora was performed using a dataset containing 274 morphological characters coded for 97 taxa (70 ingroups, 27 outgroups) under the maximum parsimony algorithm, which resulted in a total of 3,411 most parsimonious trees with 1,111 steps length (CI = 0.42; RI 0.57; RI = 0.88; RC = 0.37). The topology of the consensus tree recovered the monophyly of the supragenus Rasbora with high nodal support and five unique synapomorphies. Twelve major monophyletic lineages corresponding to the previously recognized supraspecific groups of Rasbora were recovered in the topology, each of which with moderate to strong nodal support and with a set of unreversed synapomorphies. Moreover, the monophyly of several featured cyprinid taxa is supported with a series of novel unreversed synapomorphies: (1) the subfamily Danioninae; (2) the clade Danionini+Rasborini; (3) the tribe Chedrini; (4) the tribe Danionini; and (5) the tribe Rasborini.;Seven genetic markers, which are four nuclear genes (EPIC 55305, EPIC 35692, RAG1, and Rhodopsin) and three mitochondrial regions (16S rRNA, COI, and cytochrome b) sequenced from 93 taxa (80 ingroups, 13 outgroups) were used in the present molecular analyses. The phylogenetic trees were reconstructed based on several different datasets (i.e., individual markers, concatenated datamatrix with different partitioning scenarios) under three general phylogenetic algorithms (maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian inference). Overall, the three different phylogenetic approaches result in trees with similar topologies of the backbone, in which two major clades of the tribe Rasborini are recovered consistently with high support values: (1) the Indian lineage (12 species), and (2) the Sundaland-Indochinese lineage (92 species). Similar to results from previous molecular studies, Rasbora is inferred to be paraphyletic because the genus Pectenocypris is embedded in the large, Sundaland-Indochinese lineage.;The validity of five rasborin genera is corroborated: Boraras, Brevibora, Kottelatia, Rasbosoma, and Trigonostigma. Two formerly monotypic genera, Kottelatia and Rasbosoma, need to be expanded through species transfer and generic synonymization. The validity of the genus Trigonopoma cannot be confirmed in this study due to the rejection of its monophyly as indicated by molecular data. Four major groups are still without valid taxonomic status: the Daniconius group; the Trifasciata group; the Reticulata group; and the Sumatrana group. Considering the inconsistent placement of R. cephalotaenia, the type species of Rasbora, either in the Einthovenii group or the Argyrotaenia group, the more exclusive definition of Rasbora s. s. is reserved to either of these two groups.
机译：莎草的鱼类有104种有效种类，是塞浦路斯种中物种最多，分布最广的族群，它们生活在从印度次大陆到东南亚，直至南达桑达兰德的广大地区。尽管具有显着的多样性，高丰度和广泛分布，但拉斯博拉的系统学仍然存在很大问题，这主要是由于先前研究中相互矛盾的系统发育假设所致。为了解决该组当前存在的系统分歧和分类学问题，进行了一项涵盖了Rasbora的更多分类单元和特征的多方面系统研究，其中涵盖了Rasbora的α分类学工作以及使用形态学和分子学的系统发育分析。本研究中的分类学研究得出了来自苏门答腊北部的8种新物种的描述：Rasbora api，R。kluetensis，R。nodulosa，R。truncata，Rasbora n.。 sp。 1，拉斯博拉（n。 sp。 2，拉斯博拉sp。 3和Rasbora n。 sp。 4.此外，还描述了一组新的可用于诊断两个网状硼素组（网状和苏门答腊组）的特征（即，头节结节的微结构和人体色素沉着）。考虑到上述三个新物种的异源分布，可以识别苏门答腊西北部的三个特有区域。;使用包含274个形态特征的数据集对Rasbora进行了分类分析，该特征编码了97个分类单元（70个分组，27个分组），最大简约算法，总共生成了3,411个最简约树，步长为1,111（CI = 0.42; RI 0.57; RI = 0.88; RC = 0.37）。共有树的拓扑结构恢复了具有高节点支持和五个独特的同形同形的雷布芝的单性。在拓扑结构中恢复了十二个主要的单系谱系，它们对应于先前公认的Rasbora超特异性组，每个谱系都具有中等至强的节点支持以及一组不可逆的同形。此外，几个特色的塞浦路斯类群的单性有一系列新的不可逆的突触支持：（1）亚科Danioninae； （2）分支Danionini + Rasborini; （3）切德里尼部落； （4）部落达尼尼尼； （5）拉斯博里尼部落（Rasborini）。七个遗传标记，分别是从93个分类群（80）测序的四个核基因（EPIC 55305，EPIC 35692，RAG1和视紫红质）和三个线粒体区域（16S rRNA，COI和细胞色素b）。 （本组中有13个外组）。根据三种不同的系统发育算法（最大简约性，最大似然和贝叶斯推断），基于几个不同的数据集（即单个标记，具有不同分区方案的级联数据矩阵）重建了系统发育树。总体而言，这三种不同的系统发育方法导致树木的骨架拓扑相似，其中拉斯伯里尼部落的两个主要进化枝一直以高支持价值被回收：（1）印度血统（12种），和（2） da他兰-印度支那血统（92种）。与以前的分子研究结果相似，由于Pectenocypris属被嵌入到大型的Sundaland-Indochinese血统中，因此Rasbora被认为是共生的;证实了五个rasborin属的有效性：Boraras，Brevibora，Kottelatia，Rasbosoma和Trigonostigma。需要通过物种转移和通用同义来扩展两个以前的单型属，Kottelatia和Rasbosoma。由于分子数据表明其单亲性被排斥，三角虫属的有效性在本研究中无法得到证实。四个主要类别仍没有有效的分类学地位：Daniconius类别； Trifasciata组；网纹组；和苏门答腊集团。考虑到在Einthovenii组或Argyrotaenia组中头孢菌的类型物种头孢菌的位置不一致，对头孢菌的定义更为排他。 s。保留给这两个组中的任何一个。

著录项

  • 作者

    Lumbantobing, Daniel Natanael.;

  • 作者单位

    The George Washington University.;

  • 授予单位 The George Washington University.;
  • 学科 Biology General.;Biology Systematic.;Biology Zoology.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2013
  • 页码 500 p.
  • 总页数 500
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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