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Processing and measures of retrieval speed to differentiate between structures of primary and secondary memory.

机译：检索速度的处理和度量，以区分主存储器和辅助存储器的结构。

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摘要

Humans have long been interested in understanding how we process or encode information, how we store information, and how we retrieve information, the venerable memory system. Additionally, researchers have been interested in how the memory system is organized. Some researchers have suggested that the information that is relevant to a given task or goal is held in a short-term or primary memory. Some of this information eventually may make its way into long-term or secondary memory. Researchers who study memory in this fashion are often characterized as being interested in studying the structure of memory. There are other equally important questions that can be asked about memory and these involve the basic function or purpose of memory. Of course we have a memory system, but why do we have it and what is its use? The present research is interested in both a structural and functional account of memory. Based on the idea that memory is a future oriented system, a series of 6 studies were conducted to investigate the structure of human memory by comparing information processing differences (prospective functional processing instructions vs orthographic processing instructions) across traditional short- and long-term measure of memory. The aggregate evidence compiled from both between participant design (Experiments 1, 2, 5, & 6) and with-in participant design (Experiments 3 & 4) experiments suggest that both primary (short-term) and secondary (long-term) memory operates similarly across the different information processing instructions. The functional processing instructions worked to increase the speed of retrieval from primary memory relative to the orthographic processing instructions. Interestingly, this was only the case when the cognitive load (manipulated by changing set sizes to subspan and supraspan list lengths across experiments) of the primary memory task was sufficiently small and within the constraints of the capacity of the focus of attention. Even when the primary memory task was manipulated to be a complex span task (Experiments 5 & 6) the findings remained robust. The evidence largely favors an embedded processing model of memory (Cowan, 1988, 1995, 2001). Further, a discussion related to the intricacies of complex span memory tasks is advanced, suggesting particular complex span designs that use processing instructions may assist (rather than inhibit) memory retrieval.
机译：长期以来，人们一直对了解我们如何处理或编码信息，如何存储信息以及如何获取信息（古老的存储系统）感兴趣。另外，研究人员对存储系统的组织方式很感兴趣。一些研究人员建议，与给定任务或目标相关的信息保存在短期或主要记忆中。这些信息中的某些最终可能会进入长期或辅助存储。以这种方式研究记忆的研究人员经常被描述为对研究记忆结构感兴趣。关于内存，还有其他同样重要的问题，这些问题涉及内存的基本功能或目的。当然我们有一个内存系统，但是为什么要拥有它，它的用途是什么？本研究对存储器的结构和功能方面都感兴趣。基于记忆是面向未来的系统的思想，通过比较传统短期和长期措施中的信息处理差异（预期功能处理指令与正交处理指令），进行了六项研究，以研究人的记忆结构的记忆。从参与者设计（实验1、2、5和6）和内部参与者设计（实验3和4）之间的汇总证据表明，主要（短期）记忆和次要（长期）记忆跨不同的信息处理指令的操作类似。相对于正交处理指令，功能处理指令致力于提高从主存储器中检索的速度。有趣的是，只有当主记忆任务的认知负荷（通过在整个实验中将集合大小更改为子跨度和超跨度列表长度来操纵）足够小且在关注焦点的能力范围内时，才是这种情况。即使将主存储任务操作为复杂的跨度任务（实验5和6），结果仍然很可靠。证据在很大程度上支持嵌入式内存处理模型（Cowan，1988，1995，2001）。进一步地，进行了与复杂跨度存储器任务的复杂性有关的讨论，暗示了使用处理指令的特定复杂跨度设计可以辅助（而不是禁止）存储器检索。

著录项

  • 作者

    Sandry, Joshua D.;

  • 作者单位

    New Mexico State University.;

  • 授予单位 New Mexico State University.;
  • 学科 Psychology Cognitive.;Psychology Experimental.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2013
  • 页码 141 p.
  • 总页数 141
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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