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Using quantitative genetics methods to estimate heritability of larval CO2-resistance in a coastal marine fish.

机译：使用定量遗传学方法来估计沿海海水鱼的幼虫抗CO2的遗传力。

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摘要

Marine organisms are under pressure to adapt to anthropogenic changes that are rapidly altering ocean water chemistry. Since the Industrial Revolution, human activities have caused an increase in atmospheric CO2 which is partly absorbed by the world's oceans, thereby reducing ocean pH, aragonite and calcite saturation states in a process known as ocean acidification (OA). Concern over these changes has caused a surge in scientific interest to better understand and predict how OA affects marine organisms from single celled algae to marine calcifying invertebrates and vertebrates such as fish. Since most studies thus far have focused on short-term responses of marine organisms exposed to future CO2 levels, the long-time, i.e., evolutionary potential for adaptation to high CO2 environments remains poorly understood. This thesis investigated the potential for evolutionary responses in the Atlantic Silverside, Menidia menidia, an abundant and ecologically important coastal forage fish with a large spatial distribution from Florida, USA to Nova Scotia, CA. Laboratory experiments have demonstrated that when reared under conditions of elevated CO2 (∼2,300 microatm) larval M. menidia show increased, but not complete mortality when compared to control larvae reared at ambient CO2 (∼600 microatm). This suggests that larvae from some parental lines may be resistant to these conditions. If this tolerance to high CO2 is genetically determined, at least in part, fish may adapt to OA through natural selection in the long-term. Using quantitative genetic methods (the 'animal model'), I simultaneously estimated the heritability and maternal effects of larval resistance to elevated CO2. Mean days survived post-hatch (MDS) ('the trait value') was quantified on a daily basis for 1,000 fertilized eggs reared from crossing 71 parents (42 males, 29 females) caught from an undisturbed estuary on the north shore of Long Island (Poquott, 40° 57.78'N, 73° 8.22'W) at the beginning of the spawning season. This approach quantitatively assessed the species potential of responding to the selection introduced by a high CO2 environment. Heritability and maternal effects of post-hatch survival at high CO2 for 772 larvae were estimated to be 0.11+/-0.07 and 0.03+/-0.03, respectively. Therefore the potential for an evolutionary response to ocean acidification in M.menidia appears to be low, perhaps because this species already utilizes alternative adaptive mechanisms to cope with rapid environmental change in the short-term. The ability to assess the microsatellite genotypes of all individuals within the ten replicates (n =100) used in this experiment revealed that survival increased with increasing heterozygosity, allelic richness and number of parents, perhaps suggesting that larval survival is dependent on sufficient genetic variability among populations.
机译：海洋生物承受着人为改变的压力，这些改变正在迅速改变海水化学。自工业革命以来，人类活动导致大气中二氧化碳的增加，部分被世界海洋吸收，从而在称为海洋酸化（OA）的过程中降低了海洋的pH值，文石和方解石饱和状态。对这些变化的关注引起了科学兴趣的激增，以更好地理解和预测OA如何影响从单细胞藻类到海洋钙化无脊椎动物和脊椎动物（如鱼类）的海洋生物。由于到目前为止，大多数研究都集中在暴露于未来CO2水平的海洋生物的短期反应上，因此，长期的研究，即适应高CO2环境的进化潜力仍然知之甚少。本论文研究了大西洋银边，Menidia menidia（一种从美国佛罗里达州到加利福尼亚新斯科舍省的空间分布较大的丰富且具有生态学意义的沿海饲草鱼）的进化响应潜力。实验室实验表明，与在环境CO2（〜600 microatm）下饲养的对照幼虫相比，在CO2升高（〜2,300 microatm）的条件下饲养时，幼虫的M. menidia表现出增加的死亡率，但没有完全杀死。这表明来自某些亲本系的幼虫可能对这些条件有抵抗力。如果通过遗传确定了对高CO2的耐受性，则至少部分地，鱼类可能会通过长期自然选择而适应OA。使用定量遗传方法（“动物模型”），我同时估算了幼虫对升高的CO2抵抗力的遗传力和母体效应。每天对从长岛北岸未受干扰的河口捕获的71个父母（42例男性，29例女性）的父母交配的1,000个受精卵，每天进行孵化后平均存活天数（“特征值”）的定量分析。产卵季节开始时（Poquott，40°57.78'N，73°8.22'W）。这种方法定量评估了对高二氧化碳环境引入的选择作出反应的物种潜力。高CO 2下772只幼虫在孵化后存活的遗传力和母体效应估计分别为0.11 +/- 0.07和0.03 +/- 0.03。因此，对menidia中的海洋酸化的进化响应的潜力似乎很低，也许是因为该物种已经利用其他适应性机制在短期内应对快速的环境变化。评估该实验使用的十个重复样本（n = 100）内所有个体的微卫星基因型的能力表明，存活率随着杂合度，等位基因丰富度和亲本数量的增加而增加，这可能表明幼虫的存活率取决于充足的遗传变异性。人口。

著录项

  • 作者

    Malvezzi, Alex James.;

  • 作者单位

    State University of New York at Stony Brook.;

  • 授予单位 State University of New York at Stony Brook.;
  • 学科 Biology Genetics.;Agriculture Fisheries and Aquaculture.;Biology Oceanography.;Biology Ecology.
  • 学位 M.S.
  • 年度 2013
  • 页码 50 p.
  • 总页数 50
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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