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首页> 外文学位 >Extreme pauvrete et justice globale : une reflexion philosophique sur le concept de responsabilite dans une perspective cosmopolitique.
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Extreme pauvrete et justice globale : une reflexion philosophique sur le concept de responsabilite dans une perspective cosmopolitique.

机译：赤贫与全球正义：从世界政治的角度对责任概念的哲学反思。

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摘要

The problem of extreme poverty in the Third World is not first and foremost a question of economy. It is above all a political one because it is the direct consequence of choices made by societies and of the organization of power at the level of the State and of various instances of the international community. Its object is the conquest of power and the distribution of wealth on a large scale. It is also a moral problem because the options taken collectively by nations and the society of nations tend towards or against justice and equality of opportunities for everyone. Extreme poverty and global justice form a binomial that therefore brings us back to the heart of political and moral theory. After the Second World War, political theory broadened its horizons. Since then, it also reflects on the exercise of power at the international level and the distribution of wealth at the world level. The phenomenon of economic globalisation creates a mutual dependency and important multilateral influences between the States. More than in the past, autarky is no longer something to consider. The dogma of the untouchable sovereignty of the States, that came forth from the Treaty of Westphalia in the XVIIth century, appears to be more and more obsolete in view of the common stakes that presently confront humanity. From which came forth the need for a remolding of the meaning of national sovereignties and for the founding of cosmopolitical rights for every individual on the planet.;That is why the binomial in question provokes more of a philosophical reflection on the concept of responsibility that extends not only to the national sphere, but to a wide cosmopolitical amplitude. The expression "countries of the Third World" may seem archaic, pejorative and humiliating. However, more so than those of "under developed countries" or "developing countries" it accounts for, without embellishment, the raw, brutal, and far from elegant reality of the political and economical misery that exists there. Though it may be obsolete, it quite clearly delimits the area of conceptual and geographical definition of our field of philosophical investigation. It designates the grouping of countries that are excluded from the economical wealth distributed among the nations. Given that economic power generally goes together with political power, this grouping is also kept away from the major decisional centers. Characterized by an extreme poverty, the Third World reality requires a meticulous analysis of the causes of this extreme economical and political marginalization.;A typology of the notion of responsibility offers a conceptual figure of this reality with a geometry of six angles: causality, morality, capacity, community, result and solidarity, as foundations for reparation. These aspects, under which responsibility is studied, are overseen by philosophical doctrines of consequentialist, utilitarian, deontological and teleogical type. The typology of responsibility gives rise to many solutions: bringing aid through philanthropy in helping to save lives; establishing and assigning responsibilities so that the mistakes of the past and the present be repaired both at the national and international levels; promoting the obligation to protect in a healthy international context that takes into consideration the negative duty not to harm the most disadvantaged of the planet; institutionalizing the transboundary rules of justice as well as of cosmopolitical rights. Finally, by omniresponsibility we will understand this as the responsibility of all towards those who endure the throes of extreme poverty in the Third World. Far from being a catch-all concept, it is an ensemble of shared responsibilities for identifiable actors on the world scene, with the view of coreparation due to the victims of global injustice. It aims at a telos: the blossoming of the welfare of the citizen of the world.
机译：第三世界的极端贫困问题首先不是经济问题。这首先是政治上的，因为这是社会在国家一级以及国际社会各种情况下做出的选择以及权力组织的直接结果。其目标是大规模征服权力和分配财富。这也是一个道德问题，因为国家和国家社会共同采取的选择倾向于或反对正义与所有人的机会均等。极端贫困和全球正义形成了一个二项式式，因此使我们回到了政治和道德理论的核心。第二次世界大战后，政治理论开阔了眼界。从那以后，它也反映了国际权力的行使和世界财富的分配。经济全球化现象在国家之间造成了相互依​​存和重要的多边影响。与过去相比，自给自足已不再是要考虑的事情。鉴于十七世纪人类面临的共同利益，从十七世纪的《威斯特伐利亚条约》产生的国家不可侵犯的主权教条显得越来越陈旧。随之而来的是需要重塑国家主权的含义以及为地球上每个人建立世界政治权利的原因。这就是为什么有关的二项式引发了更多关于责任概念的哲学思考不仅涉及国家领域，而且涉及广泛的世界政治振幅。 “第三世界国家”一词似乎是过时的，贬义的和侮辱性的。但是，它比“欠发达国家”或“发展中国家”更多地说明了其中存在的政治和经济苦难的原始，残酷和绝妙的现实。尽管它可能已经过时，但它很明显地划定了我们哲学研究领域的概念和地理定义范围。它指定排除在国家之间分配的经济财富之外的国家的分组。鉴于经济实力通常与政治实力并驾齐驱，因此该分组也远离主要决策中心。以极端贫困为特征的第三世界现实需要对这种极端的经济和政治边缘化的原因进行认真的分析。责任概念的类型学提供了这个现实的概念图，具有六个角度的几何：因果关系，道德，能力，社区，结果和团结，作为赔偿的基础。研究责任的这些方面，由结果论，功利主义，道义论和言语论类型的哲学学说监督。责任的类型产生了许多解决方案：通过慈善事业提供援助以挽救生命；建立和分配职责，以便在国家和国际两级修复过去和现在的错误；在考虑到不损害地球上最弱势群体的消极义务的前提下，促进在健康的国际环境中进行保护的义务；将司法和世界政治权利的跨界规则制度化。最后，通过无责任，我们将这理解为所有人对承受第三世界赤贫之痛的人们的责任。它不是一个包罗万象的概念，而是由全球不公正的受害者造成的损害赔偿，是世界舞台上可辨认参与者的共同责任的集合。它的目标是实现目标：世界公民福利的蓬勃发展。

著录项

  • 作者

    Dongmeza, Cyriaque Gregoire.;

  • 作者单位

    Universite de Montreal (Canada).;

  • 授予单位 Universite de Montreal (Canada).;
  • 学科 Philosophy.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2013
  • 页码 276 p.
  • 总页数 276
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 肿瘤学;
  • 关键词

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