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Economics of soil erosion and wetland degradation: A case study from Argentina.

机译：水土流失和湿地退化的经济学：以阿根廷为例。

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Soil erosion has been recognized as one of the biggest problems of agriculture worldwide and even more so in developing countries. This dissertation models the dynamic effects of soil erosion both at the farm level and its off-site cumulative effects on inland wetlands by using optimal control theory. Based on a productivity approach, two empirical procedures are derived from the theoretical model. One procedure relies on a limited data set to estimate the shadow price of soil erosion. The other procedure estimates the off-site impacts of soil erosion on wetland services, specifically flood control, that have been gradually reduced due to sedimentation between 1975 and 2001. These estimates of on-site and off-site impacts of soil erosion are then used to assess the cost of agricultural modernization due to environmental degradation and to establish a baseline for policy analysis.; The empirical studies are done in a watershed of about 1.4 million hectares located in the south of Cordoba, Argentina, where agricultural modernization driven, mainly by market forces, has been gradually moving away from low input to intensive agriculture. This transformation is causing an increase in production but it is also reducing the long-term productivity of agriculture had and degrading wetlands. The results show that agricultural modernization has gradually increased the cost of soil erosion. Between 1986 and 1999, the total cost imposed by agricultural modernization was between {dollar}182 and {dollar}316 million in real 2000 dollars. Assuming that the historical trend holds, the baseline measured by the net present value loss (at a 6% of discount rate) for the next 30 years will be about {dollar}121 million, which includes {dollar}81 million lost due to future wetland degradation and {dollar}40 million lost due to increasing the soil erosion rate on-site. The results also suggest that loss of wetland services by degradation can be as important as the loss of the wetlands themselves. However, the former is often ignored in the political agenda. Finally, the study concludes that along with agricultural modernization, a policy to control soil erosion and prevent inland wetland degradation should be established.
机译：水土流失已被认为是世界范围内最大的农业问题之一，在发展中国家更是如此。本文运用最优控制理论对农田水土流失的动态效应及其对内陆湿地的异地累积效应进行了建模。基于生产率方法，从理论模型得出了两个经验过程。一种程序依赖于有限的数据集来估计土壤侵蚀的影子价格。另一个程序估算了水土流失对湿地服务的非现场影响，特别是防洪，由于沉积在1975年至2001年之间逐渐减少。然后，使用这些对水土流失的现场和非现场影响的估算评估由于环境退化而造成的农业现代化费用，并为政策分析建立基准。实证研究是在阿根廷科尔多瓦南部约140万公顷的分水岭上进行的，那里主要由市场力量驱动的农业现代化已逐渐从低投入转向集约农业。这种转变导致产量增加，但同时也降低了农业的长期生产力，并使湿地退化。结果表明，农业现代化逐步增加了土壤侵蚀的成本。在1986年至1999年期间，农业现代化带来的总成本在2000美元中，在182美元至3.16亿美元之间。假设历史趋势保持不变，则按未来30年的净现值损失（折现率6％）测得的基准将约为1.21亿美元，其中包括因未来损失的8100万美元湿地退化，由于现场土壤侵蚀率增加，损失了4000万美元。结果还表明，退化造成的湿地服务损失与湿地本身的损失一样重要。但是，前者在政治议程中经常被忽略。最后，研究得出结论，随着农业现代化，应建立控制土壤侵蚀和防止内陆湿地退化的政策。

著录项

  • 作者

    de Prada, Jorge Dante.;

  • 作者单位

    University of Connecticut.;

  • 授予单位 University of Connecticut.;
  • 学科 Economics Agricultural.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2005
  • 页码 138 p.
  • 总页数 138
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 农业经济;
  • 关键词

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