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Hydrothermal process of swine manure to oil using a continuous reactor system.

机译：使用连续反应器系统将猪粪水化为油。

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摘要

Hydrothermal processing of swine manure is a novel technology that has shown very promising results in treating waste and producing oil. Oil yields of up to 70% were achieved in batch experiments. Since a continuous-mode process is more applicable for scale-up operations, a continuous hydrothermal process (CHTP) reactor system was developed. The effects of temperature, pressure, hydraulic residence time, and use of process gas, were evaluated to determine the optimal process condition. Products' (i.e., oil, aqueous and gas) composition were determined to better understand the mechanics of the reaction process and to provide information for further developments. The CHTP, composed of a high-pressure slurry feeder, a process gas feeder, a continuous-stirred tank reactor, a products separation vessel, and process controllers, had a capacity of processing up to 48 kg of manure slurry per day. Results showed an interaction between operating temperature and pressure. The highest oil yield of 70% of volatile solids was achieved at 305°C, 10.1 MPa, and 80 min hydraulic residence time without process gas. The addition of carbon monoxide in the process did not improve the oil yield but produced a more fluid oil product. The heating value of the oil product ranged from 25,176 kJ/kg to 33,065 kJ/kg. An energy balance showed that the process was a net energy producer. The carbon and hydrogen content of the oil were 62.7+/-6.4% and 9.6+/-0.4%, respectively. The nitrogen and sulfur content of the oil were 3.9+/-0.3% and 0.3+/-0.1%, respectively. The oil was primarily resins (∼45%) and asphaltenes (∼44%) with small amounts of saturates (∼3%) and aromatics (∼2%). Majority of the hydrocarbon compounds in the oil has boiling points within 316°C to 482°C. The aqueous product was found to contain volatile organic compounds primarily ketones and benzenyl compounds. Most of the N, P, and K content of the manure went to the aqueous product. The main gas product was CO2 accounting for ∼98% of the total. Carbon monoxide accounted for most of the rest. Methane, ethane, and ethene were also produced in negligible amounts. Trace amounts of aromatic compounds including benzene, ethylbenzene, toluene, and styrene were also detected in the gas product stream.
机译：猪粪的水热加工是一项新技术，在处理废物和生产石油方面显示出非常有希望的结果。在分批实验中，油的产率高达70％。由于连续模式过程更适合按比例放大操作，因此开发了连续水热过程（CHTP）反应器系统。评估了温度，压力，水力停留时间和工艺气体使用的影响，以确定最佳工艺条件。确定产物（即油，水和气）的组成是为了更好地理解反应过程的机理并为进一步的发展提供信息。 CHTP由高压浆料进料器，工艺气体进料器，连续搅拌釜反应器，产品分离容器和工艺控制器组成，每天可处理多达48 kg的粪便浆料。结果表明工作温度和压力之间存在相互作用。在不使用工艺气体的情况下，在305°C，10.1 MPa和80分钟的水力停留时间下，可获得70％的挥发性固体的最高含油量。在该过程中添加一氧化碳并不能提高油的产率，但是会产生更多的油产品。油产品的热值在25,176 kJ / kg到33,065 kJ / kg的范围内。能量平衡表明该过程是净能量生产者。油的碳和氢含量分别为62.7 +/- 6.4％和9.6 +/- 0.4％。油中的氮和硫含量分别为3.9 +/- 0.3％和0.3 +/- 0.1％。油主要是树脂（〜45％）和沥青质（〜44％），以及少量的饱和物（〜3％）和芳烃（〜2％）。油中的大多数烃化合物的沸点在316°C至482°C之间。发现含水产物包含挥发性有机化合物，主要是酮和苯甲烯化合物。肥料中大部分的N，P和K都流向水产品。主要气体产品为二氧化碳，约占总量的98％。一氧化碳占其余大部分。甲烷，乙烷和乙烯的产量也可忽略不计。在气体产物流中还检测到痕量的芳香族化合物，包括苯，乙苯，甲苯和苯乙烯。

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  • 作者

    Ocfemia, Kim Carlo Siapno.;

  • 作者单位

    University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.;

  • 授予单位 University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.;
  • 学科 Engineering Agricultural.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2005
  • 页码 182 p.
  • 总页数 182
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 农业工程;
  • 关键词

  • 入库时间 2022-08-17 11:42:04

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