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首页> 外文学位 >The Agreement concerning Annual Reports on Human Rights and Free Trade between Canada and Colombia and home state responsibility to prevent transnational human rights and environmental harm caused or enabled by international investment agreements.
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The Agreement concerning Annual Reports on Human Rights and Free Trade between Canada and Colombia and home state responsibility to prevent transnational human rights and environmental harm caused or enabled by international investment agreements.

机译：加拿大和哥伦比亚之间的《关于人权与自由贸易的年度报告的协定》以及母国有责任防止国际投资协定造成或造成的跨国人权和环境损害。

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摘要

The Canada-Colombia Free Trade Agreement (CCOFTA) came into force in August 2011 amidst concerns that the provisions protecting Canadian investment in Colombia could exacerbate the precarious human rights situation. The Agreement concerning Annual Reports on Human Rights and Free Trade between Canada and Colombia was negotiated to address such concerns by enshrining the first ever human rights impact assessment (HRIA) of a free trade and investment agreement (TIA) in an internationally binding instrument. This thesis builds on a growing body of international legal scholarship that has considered the duty of home states of private investors to regulate their activity in the host state so as to prevent them from causing or contributing to human rights and environmental harm. It examines state obligations found in human rights, environmental and general principles of international law to propose that while an obligation might exist for the home state to exercise unilateral regulation of its investors, in the presence of a TIA that could cause or enable private human rights or environmental harm, investor regulation through the TIA can be seen as duty for both the home and host states. In view of the absence of such regulation in the CCOFTA, this thesis will consider if the annual HRIA mechanism is an alternative for preventing human rights and environmental harm caused or enabled by the TIA. It is submitted that while HRIAs of TIAs are a novel concept for which little international practice exists, this mechanism has the capacity to provide concrete evidence of human rights or environmental harm caused or enabled by the TIA, but only if based on a methodological model that uses existing state international human rights law obligations as indicators to measure a change in the human rights situation, draws unequivocal causal links between the investment protection provisions and human rights indicators, and allows for broad public participation, especially from the most marginalized and underrepresented groups in the host state to validate its methodology and findings. While under international law all investment-exporting states might have a duty to conduct HRIA on the effects of a proposed TIA as part of the due diligence to prevent transnational harm, the enshrinement of such assessments in an internationally binding instrument triggers a duty for the home state to, on one hand use the HRIA mechanism to prevent transnational human rights or environmental harm and, on the other hand, structure its annual assessments according to the described model in order to give effect to the duty to prevent. Broad and inclusive participation of the local affected communities from the host state in the HRIA becomes an integral component of the home state duty to prevent that can be expected to reveal any negative effects on the human rights situation from the TIA provisions, as well as the type of action required from both states parties to address them.
机译：《加拿大-哥伦比亚自由贸易协定》（CCOFTA）于2011年8月生效，因为人们担心保护加拿大在哥伦比亚投资的规定可能会加剧不稳定的人权状况。为了解决这些问题，通过谈判达成了《加拿大与哥伦比亚关于人权和自由贸易的年度报告的协定》，该协定将一项自由贸易和投资协定（TIA）的首次人权影响评估（HRIA）纳入了具有国际约束力的文书中。本论文以不断增长的国际法律奖学金为基础，该奖学金已经考虑到私人投资者的母国有义务规范其在东道国的活动，以防止其对人权和环境造成损害或助长其危害。它研究了人权，环境和国际法一般原则中规定的国家义务，提出虽然母国可能有义务对其投资者行使单方面监管，但存在可能导致或实现私人人权的TIA或环境损害，通过TIA进行的投资者监管可以视为母国和东道国的责任。鉴于CCOFTA中没有此类法规，本文将考虑年度HRIA机制是否可以替代预防TIA引起或造成的人权和环境损害。有人提出，虽然TIA的HRIA是一个新颖的概念，几乎没有国际惯例，但该机制有能力提供由TIA造成或造成的人权或环境损害的具体证据，但前提是基于以下方法论模型：以国家现行的国际人权法义务为指标来衡量人权状况的变化，在投资保护条款和人权指标之间建立明确的因果关系，并允许公众的广泛参与，尤其是来自最边缘化和代表性不足的群体的参与东道国要验证其方法论和发现。虽然根据国际法，所有投资输出国可能都有义务对拟议的TIA的影响进行HRIA，以作为防止跨国损害的尽职调查的一部分，但将这种评估纳入国际约束力文书中会触发对国内的义务。声明一方面使用HRIA机制防止跨国人权或环境损害，另一方面根据描述的模型构建年度评估，以履行预防义务。来自东道国的当地受影响社区的广泛和包容性参与成为HRIA的组成部分，以防止可以预料到这会从TIA条款以及对TIA条款的披露中显示出对人权状况的任何负面影响双方要求采取的行动类型。

著录项

  • 作者

    Krstik, Stanko.;

  • 作者单位

    University of Ottawa (Canada).;

  • 授予单位 University of Ottawa (Canada).;
  • 学科 Law.
  • 学位 LL.M.
  • 年度 2013
  • 页码 294 p.
  • 总页数 294
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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