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Effects of glucosinolates and their hydrolytic products on culturable soil biota in and around garlic mustard patches.

机译：芥子油苷及其水解产物对蒜芥片及其周围可培养的土壤生物的影响。

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摘要

This research focuses on the ecological aspect of garlic mustard (Scientific name: Alliaria petiolata [Bieb.] Cavara & Grande), a cool season exotic biennial herb belonging to the family Brassicaceae. Since its introduction into the United States from its native Europe in mid 1800's this plant has aggressively invaded many hardwood forests of US and Canada. This plant is of particular concern because it can not only invade mature second growth forests but also has the potential to displace native vegetation in these invaded areas. Invasive plants like garlic mustard can have major direct or indirect effects on the belowground soil microbial processes which in turn can alter ecosystem properties like nutrient cycling, soil fertility, demography, and community composition and function. Glucosinolates, a major group of plant secondary metabolites found in all the members of Brassicaceae have been shown to have a major role in defining the invasion potential of garlic mustard. In the present study, I examined the effects of glucosinolates and their hydrolytic products on the density and distribution patterns of culturable soil bacteria and fungi in and around garlic mustard patches. Soils were sampled in fall-2010 and summer-2011 at set distances from garlic mustard patches that infested three replicate pine plantation stands at the Sand Ridge State Forest, IL. The densities of culturable aerobic bacteria and filamentous fungi in both the seasons were estimated by dilution plate count methods on three different media. Frequently occurring colonies of bacteria and fungi on the media plates were identified by various biochemical tests to their genus levels. A select group of these genera were then tested for their sensitivities towards crude extracts and synthetic forms of glucosinolates and their hydrolytic products. The results suggested that although the densities of culturable microbes varied significantly with change in seasons, they were not affected by their distance from the garlic mustard patches. A comparative analysis of the occurrence of the isolated microbial species with respect to their distance from garlic mustard patches showed that members of certain genera including Corynebacterium, Aureobacterium, Paenibacillus, Acinetobacter and Paecilomyces occurred at specific distances from the garlic mustard patches in both the seasons while generalist groups like Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Penicillium and Aspergillus were present at all distances from garlic mustard suggesting a pattern in distribution. However, data from the sensitivity assays showed the presence of both sensitive and resistant bacteria in the immediate vicinity of the garlic mustard plants suggesting that the pattern in distribution was probably not influenced by glucosinolates and/or their hydrolytic products and more complex interactions may be occurring which warrants future research.
机译：这项研究的重点是大蒜芥末（学名：Alliaria petiolata [Bieb。] Cavara＆Grande）的生态学方面，这是十字花科的一种凉爽季节异国两年生草本植物。自从1800年代中期从其祖国欧洲引入美国以来，这种植物就已经侵略了美国和加拿大的许多阔叶林。这种植物特别令人担忧，因为它不仅可以入侵成熟的第二生长林，而且还具有取代这些被侵害地区本地植被的潜力。蒜芥等入侵性植物可能会对地下土壤微生物过程产生直接或间接的重大影响，进而可以改变生态系统的特性，例如养分循环，土壤肥力，人口统计学以及群落组成和功能。芥子油苷是在十字花科的所有成员中发现的主要植物次生代谢物，已被证明在确定大蒜芥末的入侵潜力中具有重要作用。在本研究中，我研究了芥子油苷及其水解产物对蒜芥片及其周围可培养土壤细菌和真菌的密度和分布模式的影响。在2010年秋季和2011年夏季以与大蒜芥末斑处于一定距离的距离对土壤进行了采样，大蒜芥末斑块侵扰了伊利诺伊州桑德里奇州立森林的三个复制松林。通过稀释平板计数法在三种不同培养基上估算两个季节中可培养需氧细菌和丝状真菌的密度。通过各种生化试验鉴定培养基板上细菌和真菌的频繁出现菌落，以判断它们的属水平。然后测试一组这些属对粗提取物和芥子油苷及其水解产物的合成形式的敏感性。结果表明，尽管可培养微生物的密度随季节的变化而显着变化，但它们与大蒜芥末片的距离不受其影响。对分离的微生物物种与大蒜芥末贴片之间距离的比较分析表明，在两个季节中，包括棒杆菌，金黄色杆菌，杆状芽孢杆菌，不动杆菌和拟杆菌的某些属的成员均在距大蒜芥末贴片的特定距离处发生。芽孢杆菌，假单胞菌，青霉菌和曲霉菌等多面手团体与大蒜芥末的距离都很远，表明分布规律。但是，来自敏感性测定的数据显示，在大蒜芥末植物附近存在敏感细菌和抗药性细菌，这表明分布模式可能不受芥子油苷和/或其水解产物的影响，并且可能发生更复杂的相互作用值得今后的研究。

著录项

  • 作者

    Marella, Sushma.;

  • 作者单位

    Bradley University.;

  • 授予单位 Bradley University.;
  • 学科 Biology Ecology.;Biology Microbiology.
  • 学位 M.S.
  • 年度 2013
  • 页码 108 p.
  • 总页数 108
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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