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Water balance evaluations for monitored evapotranspirative cover systems at three sites in the semi-arid and arid Southwest U.S.

机译：在美国半干旱和干旱的西南部三个地点进行监测的蒸发蒸腾覆盖系统的水平衡评估

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摘要

The focus of this dissertation is the water balance of monitored evapotranspirative cover systems constructed at sites in Yucaipa, California, Albuquerque, New Mexico, and Sierra Blanca, Texas. The contributions of the research are: (1) a comprehensive assessment of the status of performance evaluations of evapotranspirative cover systems; (2) an evaluation of the short-term (2 to 5-year) performance of the three cover systems using data from field monitoring programs and numerical modeling, without calibration; (3) an evaluation of the suitability of using short-term performance assessments to predict intermediate-term (10 to 30-year) performance; and (4) a comparison of the long-term (100 years or more) reliability of two hypothetical evapotranspirative cover systems at the Albuquerque site, one designed with loosely placed soil to promote plant growth and the other designed with compacted soil having a low saturated hydraulic conductivity.;For the short-term performance evaluation, the water balances of the cover systems were modeled using the HELP (version 3.07), LEACHM (version 4), and UNSAT-H (version 3.01) computer programs. The simulation results were compared to the results of the field monitoring programs. The comparison of simulated and measured drainage for the considered sites was not ideal because drainage was not monitored at the Yucaipa site and zero drainage was measured at the Albuquerque and Sierra Blanca sites.;The suitability of using the short-term performance assessments to predict the intermediate-term performance of the cover systems was evaluated by simulating the water balances of the cover systems with historical weather data and comparing the results of these simulations to the results of the short-term performance assessments.;The possible long-term performance of two hypothetical cover systems was evaluated using interval analysis that considers long-term soil density, vegetation, and precipitation. Simulation results suggest that, in semi-arid and arid climates that receive much of their precipitation in the summer, a cover system with looser soil and deeper roots may allow less drainage than a cover system with denser soil and shallower roots, but may be less reliable in the long term if precipitation patterns or vegetation changes.;Recommendations for assessing performance of evapotranspirative cover systems and for increasing reliability of evapotranspirative cover systems are presented.
机译：本论文的重点是在加利福尼亚尤卡帕，新墨西哥州阿尔伯克基和德克萨斯州塞拉布兰卡的站点上建造的被监测的蒸发蒸腾覆盖系统的水平衡。该研究的贡献是：（1）对蒸散系统的绩效评估现状进行全面评估； （2）使用来自现场监测程序和数值模拟的数据，无需校准即可评估三个掩护系统的短期（2至5年）性能； （3）使用短期绩效评估来预测中期（10至30年）绩效的适合性评估； （4）比较阿尔伯克基站点上两个假设的蒸散覆盖系统的长期（100年或更长时间）可靠性，一个系统设计为松散放置土壤以促进植物生长，而另一个系统设计为压实土壤且饱和度低为了进行短期性能评估，使用HELP（3.07版），LEACHM（4版）和UNSAT-H（3.01版）计算机程序对覆盖系统的水平衡进行建模。将模拟结果与现场监控程序的结果进行了比较。考虑到的地点的模拟排水量与实测排水量的比较并不理想，因为在尤卡帕（Yucaipa）站点没有监测排水情况，而在阿尔伯克基（Albuquerque）和塞拉布兰卡（Sierra Blanca）站点测量的零排水情况;通过使用历史天气数据模拟覆盖系统的水平衡，并将这些模拟结果与短期性能评估的结果进行比较，来评估覆盖系统的中期性能。假设的覆盖系统是使用考虑了长期土壤密度，植被和降水的区间分析进行评估的。模拟结果表明，在夏季多半降雨的半干旱和干旱气候中，土壤较疏松且根系较深的覆盖系统可能比土壤较稠密且根系较浅的覆盖系统减少排水，但可能更少如果降雨模式或植被发生变化，则长期而言是可靠的。提出了评估蒸发蒸腾覆盖系统性能和提高蒸发蒸腾覆盖系统可靠性的建议。

著录项

  • 作者

    Gross, Beth Ann.;

  • 作者单位

    The University of Texas at Austin.;

  • 授予单位 The University of Texas at Austin.;
  • 学科 Engineering Civil.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2005
  • 页码 335 p.
  • 总页数 335
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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