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Hydrological and water quality assessment of a rapidly urbanizing southeastern Piedmont watershed.

机译：快速发展的东南皮埃蒙特流域的水文和水质评估。

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摘要

The purpose of this dissertation research was to assess the change in hydrological and watershed processes influencing water quality in a rapidly urbanizing SE Piedmont watershed. Specifically, this dissertation research assessed the effectiveness of engineered stormwater control measures (SCMs) and stream restoration projects in a rapidly urbanizing watershed to maintain the pre development hydrologic and water quality regime in compliance with local stormwater and water quality regulations. The hydrologic and water quality benefits of a network of the existing engineered SCMs and alternative engineered SCMs that included distributed backyard rain-gardens and additional offline bio-retention basins were simulated in the most developed sub-watershed of the study watershed using the Model of Urban Stormwater Improvement Conceptualization (MUSIC). Model simulation results indicated that the post-development simulation with existing engineered SCMs network in comparison to without-engineered SCMs network lowered the annual load of total suspended sediment (TSS), total phosphorus (TP), and total nitrogen (TN) by 56.7%, 50.7%, and 9.5%, respectively. Model simulations indicated that mandatory 85% and 70% TSS and TP annual load reductions, respectively could be obtained by diverting runoff from 70% and higher of the contributing drainage area of the existing engineered SCMs into additional offline bio-retention basins.;The effectiveness of the existing engineered SCMs network in maintaining the predevelopment runoff hydrology of five developing sub-watersheds (10% to 54% suburban development) was evaluated with the unit hydrograph, unit impulse response, and Mann-Kendall trend test approaches. The measured reduction in peakflow discharge and increase in direct runoff coefficient and runoff duration is attributed to the engineered SCMs in the most developed sub-watersheds, whereas little difference in runoff response could be attributed to the stream restoration projects. The three approaches applied to assess the change in hydrologic responses from different BDC sub-watershed provided similar results.;Finally, a residual mass balance approach was applied to assess the in stream transport and retention dynamics of sediment, nutrients, and organic carbon (OC) in two restored and two unaltered or "natural" stream reaches of the study watershed during different flow regimes. The restored stream reaches indicated a net retention of TSS, N (PN, TN, TDN, and DON), P (TP and PP), and OC during baseflow monitoring periods. Whereas, the restored stream reaches exhibited a net export of TSS, NO3-N, TP, PP, and POC during storm events. The predominately forested and unaltered stream reach exhibited a net retention of ortho-P and a decline in per unit flux of most of the other water quality constituents during baseflow and storm runoff events. The suburban unaltered stream reach with significant engineered SCMs indicated the downstream mobilization of most of the water quality constituents during baseflow and storm events. Overall, this dissertation provided a comprehensive assessment of the alterations of the hydrological and biogeochemical processes in an urbanizing SE Piedmont watershed and an assessment of the effectiveness of current Stormwater Control and Stream Restoration practices through stormwater modeling, analytical, and field based monitoring approaches.
机译：本研究的目的是评估在快速城市化的皮埃蒙特流域中水文和流域过程的变化对水质的影响。具体而言，本论文的研究评估了工程化的雨水控制措施（SCM）和流域恢复项目在快速城市化流域中的有效性，以保持开发前的水文和水质状况符合当地雨水和水质法规。在研究流域最发达的子流域中，使用城市模型模拟了现有工程流域管理软件和替代工程流域管理软件网络的水文和水质优势，其中包括分布式后院雨水花园和其他离线生物保留盆地雨水改善概念化（MUSIC）。模型仿真结果表明，与未设计的SCM网络相比，使用现有的设计的SCM网络进行的开发后仿真将总悬浮物（TSS），总磷（TP）和总氮（TN）的年负荷降低了56.7％。 ，分别为50.7％和9.5％。模型模拟表明，将现有工程SCM贡献排水面积的70％和更高的径流转移到其他离线生物保留池中，可以分别强制性地将TSS和TP的年负荷降低85％和70％。使用单位水位图，单位冲激响应和Mann-Kendall趋势测试方法评估了现有工程SCM网络在维护五个开发中小流域（郊区发展的10％至5​​4％）的开发前径流水文学中的作用。在最发达的小流域，测量的峰值流量减少量和直接径流系数和径流持续时间的增加归因于工程SCM，而径流响应的差异不大可能归因于河流恢复项目。三种评估不同BDC小流域水文响应变化的方法提供了相似的结果;最后，采用剩余质量平衡法评估了沉积物，养分和有机碳（OC）的流运和保留动态）在不同流量状态下，在研究分水岭的两个恢复河段和两个未改变或“自然”河段中。恢复的流达到表示在基本流监视期间的TSS，N（PN，TN，TDN和DON），P（TP和PP）和OC的净保留量。而在暴风雨期间，恢复的河流净流量为TSS，NO3-N，TP，PP和POC。在底流和暴雨径流事件期间，以森林为主且未发生变化的河段显示出邻磷的净保留量和大多数其他水质成分的单位通量下降。郊区未改变的河段和经过大量设计的SCM表示在基流和暴风雨事件中大多数水质成分的下游动员。总体而言，本论文通过雨水建模，分析和基于现场的监测方法，对东南皮埃蒙特流域城市化过程中的水文和生物地球化学过程的变化进行了全面评估，并评估了当前雨水控制和河流恢复实践的有效性。

著录项

  • 作者

    Gagrani, Vijaya.;

  • 作者单位

    The University of North Carolina at Charlotte.;

  • 授予单位 The University of North Carolina at Charlotte.;
  • 学科 Engineering Environmental.;Environmental Sciences.;Environmental Studies.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2013
  • 页码 154 p.
  • 总页数 154
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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