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Experimental evolution of exercise physiology in house mice selectively bred for high locomotor activity.

机译：有选择地繁殖高运动能力的家鼠运动生理学的实验演变。

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摘要

A major goal of evolutionary physiology is to understand how evolution in response to a particular selective factor causes changes at multiple levels of biological organization. More specifically, when selection acts at the level of behavioral performance, which of the many lower-level traits that may potentially determine performance abilities actually change in concert? Do all potentially relevant subordinate traits change, or only a few ones? I addressed these questions by studying aerobic performance in replicate lines of Mus domesticus which have been selectively bred for high voluntary wheel running for over 30 generations. These mice run about 170% more on wheels as compared with the four randomly bred control lines, but it remains unclear whether aerobic capacity has evolved in these lines as a correlated response. This dissertation addresses the following questions: (1) Is maximal aerobic capacity measured under different conditions higher in the selected lines? (2) How do maximal voluntary wheel speeds compare with the maximum aerobically sustainable speeds as determined on a motorized treadmill? (3) Are selected mice more efficient (i.e., 'economic') runners than control? (4) Have key subordinate traits (aspects of morphology, physiology, and biochemistry associated with maximum aerobic capacity) evolved in selected lines? (5) How does the increase in running distances in selected lines affect daily energy expenditure?; Results from two separate experiments monitoring O2 consumption during voluntary exercise over complete daily activity cycles and during forced exercise on the treadmill suggest that selected lines have evolved higher aerobic capacity than control. Biochemical measurements support that some subordinate traits associated with aerobic performance have coevolved. Selected mice do not run on wheels at their maximum aerobic levels, suggesting that additional factors are involved in the selection limit observed by generation 16. Furthermore, locomotion costs tend to be lower in selected mice, and the almost two-fold increase in running distances due to selection seemed to have increased only modestly overall daily energy expenditure of selected mice. Males and females behave quite differently on the wheels, and males may not run faster on the wheels, which may be associated with the selection limit mentioned above.
机译：进化生理学的主要目标是了解响应特定选择因子的进化如何在生物组织的多个层面上引起变化。更具体地讲，当选择在行为表现水平上起作用时，可能潜在地确定表现能力的许多较低级别特征中的哪些实际上会发生变化？所有潜在相关的从属特征都会改变，还是只有几个？我通过研究家鼠的复制系中的有氧性能来解决了这些问题，这些家系已被选择性繁殖出了三十代以上的高志愿轮。与四个随机繁殖的对照品系相比，这些小鼠在车轮上的运行量增加了约170％，但尚不清楚这些品系中的有氧代谢能力是否已随着相关反应而进化。本文针对以下问题：（1）在不同条件下测得的最大有氧能力在所选择的系中较高吗？ （2）最大自愿车轮速度与电动跑步机上确定的最大有氧可持续速度相比如何？ （3）选择的小鼠是否比对照组更有效（即“经济”）奔跑者？ （4）所选品系中是否进化出关键的从属特征（与最大有氧能力有关的形态，生理学和生化方面）？ （5）所选线路运行距离的增加如何影响日常能源消耗？来自两个单独的实验的结果，这些实验监测了在整个日常活动周期内的自愿运动过程中以及在跑步机上进行的强迫运动过程中的氧气消耗量，这表明选定的产品线比对照组具有更高的有氧能力。生化测量结果表明，与有氧运动有关的一些从属性状已经进化。选定的小鼠没有以最大有氧水平在轮子上奔跑，这表明在第16代观察到的选择限制中还涉及其他因素。此外，选定的小鼠的运动成本往往较低，行驶距离几乎增加了两倍由于选择，似乎仅使所选小鼠的每日总能量消耗仅适度增加。雄性和雌性在轮子上的行为完全不同，雄性在轮子上的运行可能不会更快，这可能与上述选择限制有关。

著录项

  • 作者

    Rezende, Enrico Landaeta.;

  • 作者单位

    University of California, Riverside.;

  • 授予单位 University of California, Riverside.;
  • 学科 Biology Animal Physiology.; Biology Genetics.; Biology Zoology.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2005
  • 页码 245 p.
  • 总页数 245
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 生理学;遗传学;动物学;
  • 关键词

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