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English-Language Proficiency's Effects on Earnings and Employment of Foreign-Born Immigrants in the United States.

机译：英语水平对美国外国出生移民的收入和就业的影响。

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摘要

This dissertation studies the effects of English proficiency on earnings and employment of foreign-born immigrants in the United States. It enriches previous literature by developing a theoretical model to show the foreign-born immigrants' decision-making process of how much English proficiency to acquire, displaying a more complete picture by including female immigrants, and using more recent data.;Chapter 1 demonstrates the importance of English proficiency on earnings for foreign-born immigrants. It shows that English proficiency increases with educational attainment, time spent in the U.S. and receiving U.S. citizenship. Complementarities exist between English proficiency and other forms of human capital. In addition, the relative importance of English language proficiency is greater at the upper tier of the earnings distribution.;Chapter 2 investigates the effects of English proficiency on participation, employment, and occupational choices of foreign-born immigrants. It finds that high-skilled immigrants benefit more from greater English proficiency than the low-skilled in finding employment. Such benefits are greater for immigrant women than men at each English proficiency category. English proficiency does not have any significant impact on male immigrants work status. English proficiency is important for science/academic occupations. Those who are poor in English are more likely to choose service and laborer occupations.;Chapter 3 reveals that the importance of English proficiency on immigrants' earnings declined significantly from 1980 to 1990, and then rebounded slightly rebounded from 1990 to 2000. Results show that the negative effects of enclaves were the greatest in 1990. In particular, such effects were significantly stronger among those fluent English speakers in 1990. The relationship between English proficiency and the minority-language enclave effect is explored by including their interaction dummy variables, which further confirms the strong interaction between English proficiency and the enclave effects in 1990. However, living in an enclave made no significant earnings differences between those fluent and non-fluent speakers in both 1980 and 2000. The comparison between the percentage changes of immigrants with fluent English in and outside of each enclave in 1990 and 2000 reveals that of the 24 foreign language groups, 13 showed decreases in fluency in enclaves relative to non-enclaves, while 11 showed increases in fluency in enclaves relative to non-enclaves. Therefore, the evidence of large migrations from enclaves due to its lower return to English fluency is not strong. This may relate to non-earnings-related benefits of living in enclaves, such as social benefits.;In sum, these findings stress that English proficiency plays a key role in U.S. labor market success for foreign-born immigrants, which have significant implications for immigration policies.
机译：本文研究了英语水平对美国外国出生移民的收入和就业的影响。它通过建立一个理论模型来显示外国出生的移民获得多少英语水平的决策过程，通过包括女性移民来显示更完整的图景，并使用更多的最新数据来丰富以前的文献，该论文的第一章说明了这一点。英语水平对外国出生移民收入的重要性。它表明英语水平随着受教育程度，在美国花费的时间和获得美国国籍而增加。英语水平和其他形式的人力资本之间存在互补性。此外，英语水平的相对重要性在收入分配的较高层次上更为重要。；第二章研究英语水平对外国出生移民的参与，就业和职业选择的影响。研究发现，高技能的移民比低技能的就业者更多地受益于英语水平的提高。在每个英语水平类别中，对于移民妇女而言，此类收益都比男性更大。英语水平不会对男性移民的工作状况产生任何重大影响。英语水平对于科学/学术职业很重要。英语水平较低的人更有可能选择服务行业和劳动者职业。;第三章表明，英语水平对移民收入的重要性在1980年至1990年期间显着下降，然后在1990年至2000年间略有回升。结果表明： 1990年，社交飞地的负面影响最大。尤其是在1990年英语流利的人群中，这种影响更为明显。通过将他们的互动虚拟变量包括在内，探索了英语熟练程度与少数语言飞地效应之间的关系。证实了英语水平与1990年的飞地效应之间的强相互作用。然而，生活在飞地中的人在1980年和2000年之间的流利和不流利的英语收入方面没有显着差异。流利英语的移民百分比变化的比较在1990年和2000年每个飞地的内部和外部揭示了24个gn语言组中，有13个显示飞地的流畅度相对于非飞地降低，而有11个显示飞地的流畅度相对于非飞地提高。因此，由于返回英语流利程度较低而从飞地大量迁移的证据并不充分。总之，这些发现强调，英语水平对于外国出生的移民在美国劳动力市场的成功中起着至关重要的作用，这对移民产生了重大影响。移民政策。

著录项

  • 作者

    Zhen, Ying.;

  • 作者单位

    Clark University.;

  • 授予单位 Clark University.;
  • 学科 Economics Labor.;Sociology Ethnic and Racial Studies.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2012
  • 页码 155 p.
  • 总页数 155
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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